A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

526 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution form English agriculture earlier than anywhere else, feeding Britain’s grow­ ing populati ...

A Variety of National Industrial Experiences^527 Power looms in a British cotton factory, 1830. (the process by which threads ar ...

528 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution Furthermore, banks—like investors—faced unlimited liability in the event of bankruptcy. D ...

A Variety of National Industrial Experiences 529 many rural areas in response to increased demand, spurred by a modest level of ...

530 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution Map 14.4 The Zollverein (German Customs Union), 1834 States and cities within the German ...

A Variety of National Industrial Experiences 531 In the Ruhr Basin, young Alfred Krupp (1812-1887) began to manage his late fath ...

532 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution Early in the nineteenth century several major canals were constructed, including one join ...

The Middle Classes 533 The family concert. Diversity of the Middle Classes The middle class expanded in size and diversity amid ...

534 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution of bankers, manufacturers, or merchants; their fathers brought them into the business or ...

The Middle Classes 535 wise and the most virtuous part of the community.” Mill’s 1820 Essay on Government denounced nobles for s ...

536 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution Daumier depicts a lawyer pleading his case. elsewhere—the “pettifogging attorney” of the ...

Middle-Class Culture 537 Other professions also gradually commanded respect. In 1820, the Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott, asse ...

538 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution a separate room or quarters for children. Most working-class and peasant children had to ...

Middle-Class Culture 539 A woman’s separate sphere was inside the household and included supervising children and servants. Midd ...

540 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution A Culture of Comfort The European middle classes gradually shaped a culture based on comf ...

Middle-Class Culture 541 Kitchens and even dining rooms became separate rooms, as did attached offices for notaries, lawyers, an ...

542 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution train to transport a group of workers to a temperance meeting. Four years later, he began ...

Middle-Class Culture 543 school. Private schools operated by the clergy continued to exist, and in many places provided the only ...

544 Ch. 14 • The Industrial Revolution Evening prayer in a Viennese middle-class household. whom were concerned only with wealth ...

The Ambiguities of Liberalism: Voluntarism versus State Intervention 545 Charitable activities emerged as an important facet of ...