A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

946 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union legion of 50,000 Czechoslovak troops, which had surrendered earlier in th ...

Civil War 947 Ukraine passed back and forth between Bolshevik and nationalist con­ trol in bloody fighting, falling again briefl ...

948 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union were brutally executed on the orders of the local soviet, an act evidentl ...

The Soviet Union 949 The White army executes suspected Bolsheviks during the Civil War. lution in Germany. The Treaty of Riga in ...

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The Soviet Union 951 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was created in 1922. It included Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Tran ...

952 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union The New Economic Policy Lenin and the other Bolshevik leaders debated how ...

The Soviet Union 953 a religious woman who worked as hard as her husband drank. The young Stalin entered an Orthodox seminary in ...

954 Ch. 23 • Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin (left) with Joseph Stalin (right) in a photo doctored by S ...

THE ELUSIVE SEARCH FOR STABILITY IN THE 1920s In the preface to his novel The Magic Mountain (1924), Thomas Mann (1875—1955) wro ...

956 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s The Big Four deciding the future of Europe, 1919. Left to right: Vitt ...

The End of the War 957 Despite the idealistic belief of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson that the Great War had been the “war to en ...

958 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s Furthermore, demobilized soldiers, many of whom were anti-republican, ...

The End of the War 959 Karl Liebknecht addresses his supporters in January 1919, shortly before his assas­ sination. (Right) Lea ...

960 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s gathered for the Paris Peace Conference in the chateau of Versailles. ...

The End of the War 961 Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (1860-1952) came to Versailles assuming that his country would re ...

Map 24.1 Territorial Settlements After World War 1 Territories lost by Germany, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and Russia as a resul ...

The End of the War 963 months, the British and French leaders wrestled with public pressure at home for a harsh peace, which the ...

964 Ch. 24 • The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s Map 24.2 Areas Of French And German Disputes, 1920s Border areas, inc ...

The End of the War 965 Furthermore, Germany was to pay a huge sum—132 billion gold marks, the estimated cost of the war to the v ...