A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

232 Ch. 6 • England and the Dltcii Republic: Poland) that defied the pattern of absolute and increasingly centralized rule that ...

The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic 233 regents (wealthy merchants and bankers) of the provinces. Any possibility of the Nether ...

234 Ch. 6 • England and the Dutch Republic Canals and rivers expedited internal trade in the Dutch Republic. These boats along t ...

The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic 235 ers. The city spread out from the port along the semi-radial canals. The Dutch Republic ...

236 Ch. 6 • England and the Dutch Republic Amsterdam regents built 1,000 dwellings for refugees. Refugees from reli­ gious perse ...

The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic^237 Dike breach at Caevarden. Because so much land had been reclaimed from the sea, many of ...

238 Ch. 6 • England and the Dutch Republic prosperous enough to buy a painting or two, and some well-off peasants did as well. H ...

The Decline of the Dutch Republic 239 A peasant family pausing to pray before mealtime. lies at work, at play, or eating were pa ...

240 Ch. 6 • England and the Dutch Republic emerged in the second half of the century as the world’s dominant commer­ cial power, ...

Conclusion 241 products. Dutch ships lost control of the Baltic trade. The Dutch faced com­ petition in the herring market from ...

CHAPTER / THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM, 1650-1 720 In Louis XIV’s France, architects and artists were paid to glorify the monarch. In 1 ...

Theories of Absolutism 243 do so, and that we owed it to his goodness and his gentle disposition that he had left us in possessi ...

244 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 The illustration for the cover of the Englishman Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) d ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 245 nents of absolutism, the monarch, whose legitimacy came from God, nonetheless was subject to li ...

246 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 representatives from the three estates—clergy, nobility, and commoners— that had be ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 247 feudalism disappeared in Western Europe, it became more prevalent in the East as lords disposse ...

248 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 Table 7.1. The Size of European Armies, 1690-1814 1690 1710 1756/60 1789 1812/14 Br ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 249 expansion of the Royal Navy. The crown’s reputation for repayment facili­ tated raising money t ...

250 Ch. 7 • The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720 In France, the very existence of the French, or Gallican Church, defied papal claim ...

Characterizing Absolute Rule 251 Turkish galleys feared in the Mediterranean. Some joined the “janissary” infantry, a military c ...