A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

Index A-37

Berchtold, Leopold, 880, 883

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 1078

Bergman, Ingmar, 1139

Bergson, Henri, 798

Beria, Lavrenty, 1135

Berlin, 1027, 1132, 1148, 1200

Berlin, Congress of (1878), 711, 7/2, 820,

825, 868, 878

Berlin, U.S. airlift to (1948), 1148, 1149

Berlin Conference (1884-1885), 819,

829-30

Berlin Wall, 1131, 1155, 1156, 1199-1200,

1200, 1201

Berlusconi, Silvio, 1184

Bern, 109, 110, 423

Bernadette (French peasant girl), 777

Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste (Charles XIV John,

king of Sweden), 504-5

Bernhardt, Sarah, 779, 779, 893

Bernini, Gianlorenzo, 123, 123, 251

Bernstein, Edward, 791

Berry, Charles, duke of, 564, 594

Bessarabia, 711,716, 1066-67, 1112

Bessemer, Henry, 745

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald van, 883, 886,

887,914

Bible:

English translation of, 111

Enlightenment views of, 316

German translation of, 118

literary references to, 543

printing of, 33-34

Protestantism and, 309, 326

Puritans and, 184, 21 1

Reformation and, 84, 86, 88, 93, 95, 99,

103, 109, 110, 118, 119, 121

bicycles, 780, 855

Bill of Rights (England; 1689), 209, 226,

230-31,241,404

bills of exchange, 168

bin Laden, Osama, 1234

biology, 292-93, 292

Bir Hacheim, Battle of (1942), 1088

birth control, 366, 1 178

Bismarck, Otto von, 650, 667-68, 670, 672,

682, 784-85, 820, 868-70, 869,

871, 885

anti-Catholic measures of, 671, 671

in Austro-Prussian War, 666-67, 729-30

background and description of, 661-64

at Congress of Berlin, 711

in Franco-Prussian War, 668-69, 731

imperialism and, 825, 828-30

and Polish uprising of 1863, 664

Black Act (Great Britain; 1723), 382

Black and Tans, 975, 976

Black Death (bubonic plague), 4, 12, 18-19,

40, 42, 46, 160, 166

Black Friday (Great Britain; 1921), 980

Black Hand (Serbia), 879, 881, 882, 883

Black Hundreds (Russia), 723

Black International (International Working

Class Alliance), 793

Black Monday (Great Britain; 1887), 701

Blair, Tony, 1182, 1183, 1236

Blanc, Louis, 566, 617

Blanqui, Auguste, 733

blockades, embargoes, 280

Napoleonic, against Great Britain,

498-500, 504

in World War I, 914,915

blood circulation, 293

Bloody Friday (Austria; 1927), 1017

Bloody Sunday, 721-22, 722

Bloody Sunday (Northern Ireland, 1922), 1187

Blum, Leon, 981, 1019, 1046

Blunden, Edmund, 907

Boccioni, Umherto, 817

Bodin, jean, 243, 261

Boer War, 703, 832-35, 834, 858-59, 871

Bohemia, 19, 262, 263, 309, 675, 681, 753,

1015

agriculture in, 24

1848 unrest in, 624, 641, 643

government in, 30

Industrial Revolution in, 531

nobles of, 342, 395

peasants in, 357, 359

printing in, 34

Reformation in, 100

science in, 306

in Thirty Years’War, 146, 147-49, 148,

150, 152, 154, 158, 160

Boleyn, Anne, 112, J 72, 113, 114, 182

Bolivar, Simon, 586

Bolivia, 806

Bologna, 24, 50, 603, 655, 656

Bolsheviks (Russia), 718-19, 722, 723, 724,

725, 914, 916-17, 927-29, 931,

933, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938,

939-45, 942, 947, 949, 951,952,

953, 966-67, 969

see also Communist Party, in Soviet Union;

Russian Revolutions of 1917

Bonaparte, Jerome, 494

Bonaparte, Joseph, 495, 500, 507

Bonaparte, Louis, 495

Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, see Napoleon

III, emperor of France

Bonaparte, Lucien, 475, 483

Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon, emperor

of France