A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

A-42 Index

class consciousness, 559-61, 693, 763, 764

fascist opposition to, 1002

classicism, Italian, 241

Clausewitz, Karl von, 492, 548

Clemenceau, Georges, 740, 917, 918, 922,

956, 960, 961-63, 969

Clement V, pope, 86

Clement VII, antipope, 87

Clement VII, pope, 112, 113

Clement XI, pope, 260

Cleves-Jullich, 148

Clive, Robert, 399

Club of Democratic Women (Germany), 621

Club of Knitters (France), 455

Club of the Feuillants (France), 455

coal mining. 372, 375, 524, 526, 527, 528,

529,532, 749

Cobbett, William, 562, 608

Cobden-Chevalier Treaty (1860), 729

Coca-Cola, 1138, 1144

cocaine, 806

Cochin China, 729, 839, 851

Coercion Act (Great Britain; 1882), 700

Coercion Acts (Great Britain; 1794), 459

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 254-55, 258, 307

Cold War, 1098, 1105, 1107, 1137, 1138,

1146, 1147-60, 1178, 1190

United Nations and, 1112-15

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 582

Coligny, Gaspard de, 132

College de France, 83

Collegiants, 235

colonialism, 35-43, 169-70, 196-98,

396-401,414-19, 821

see also imperialism; specific empires

Colonial League (Germany), 829

Columbus, Christopher, 35-36, 40, 41, 79

Combat between Carnival and Lent

(Bruegel), 120, 120

Combination Act (Great Britain; 1721), 382,

606

Combination Acts, repeal of (Great Britain;

1824), 529, 561

Comenius (Jan Komensky), 302

commerce, see trade and commerce

Committee of Public Safety (Algeria), 1170

Committee of Public Safety (France), 466,

468-69, 470-71,481

common agricultural policy (CAP), 1229

common law, 6

Common Market, 1 107

Common Sense (Paine), 417

Communards, 733-34, 736

see also Paris Commune

communications revolution, 1143

communism, 565, 567-68, 628

fall of, 1107, 1177, 1188-1218, 1189

fascist and Nazi opposition to, 1002,

1012, 1021-22, 1023, 1023

in inter-war period, 979, 981-82, 981

in post-World War II Eastern Europe,

1019, 1105, 1132-33

in post-World War II Western Europe, 1 120

see also specific conntries

Communist Internationals, 953, 981, 1018

Communist League, 568

Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 568

Communist Party:

in Bulgaria, 1 132

in Czechoslovakia, 1132-33

in East Germany, 1200

in France, 981, 1018-19, 1041, 1120,

1128, 1137, 1179, 1190

in Germany, 958, 959, 986, 1021, 1085

in Great Britain, 982

in Hungary, 1132, 1196

in Indochina, 1 167

in Indonesia, 1 163

in Italy, 1007, 1 120, 1129, 1184, 1 190

in Poland, 1132, 1 191-92, 1 196-98

in Portugal, 1186

in Romania, 1067, 1 132

in Russia, 928

in Soviet Union, 951,952, 1036, 1206-9;

see also Communist Party; Soviet Union

in Spain, 1041, 1044-45, 1 186, 1 190

in Yugoslavia, 1084

Community and Society (Tonnies), 805

compass, 4-5, 31

Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 (Austria­

Hungary), 680

computers, 1143

Comte, Auguste, 804

Comuneros, revolt of (1520), 175

Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, 801

concentration/extermination camps, 1023,

1075, 1077, 1079, 1101-2, 1115

see also detention camps; Holocaust

Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial

Spheres (Copernicus), 291

Concert of Europe, 434, 576, 612

conciliarism, 86, 88-90, 91

Concordat (Austria; 1855), 678

Concordat (France; 1801), 483-85, 4S4, 593

Concordat of Bologna (1 516), 107, 127

Concorde, I 143

Concorde, supersonic airplanes, 1 143

Conde, Louis de Bourbon, prince of, 130, 253

Condorcet, Marquis de, 470

condottieri, 50, 52, 74

Confederation of the Rhine, see Rhine, Con­

federation of the