A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

A-52 Index

France, Old Regime (continued)

Catholic Reformation in, 138, 325

censorship in, 256, 309, 319, 323, 324,

335, 346-47

centralized bureaucracy in, 176

cities of, 25, 376, 767-69

colonies of, see French Empire

crime in, 256, 384

de-christianization of, 354

and Dutch political crisis, 424

in Dutch war of independence, 201

Dutch wars with, 229, 240, 279, 280

economic conditions in, 128-29, 141,

252-53, 436, 437, 472

in eighteenth-century rivalries, 386-87

as emerging state, 5, 18

English wars with, 180, 181, 182, 185,

279, 280-81,410

Enlightenment in, 312, 317-25, 334-36,

430

events preceding French Revolution in,

430, 436-40

Fronde in, 157, 243, 252-54, 255, 441

and Genevan uprising of 1782, 423

Genoa and, 52

government administration in, 255-56,

260, 346-47, 435

Henry IVs financial reforms in, 137-38, 141

Italian interventions of, 44, 71, 73, 74-76,

78, 206

land ownership in, 249, 352-53, 437,

450-51

legal system in, 29

literacy in, 328

Louis XIV’s dynastic wars and, 277-83, 278

manufacturing in, 357, 367, 373-75

marriage in, 366

mercantilism in, 254-55

middle classes in, 355, 437

military of, 30, 32, 46, 127-28, 248, 248,

249, 380, 400, 401

monarchy of, see monarchy, French

navy of, 403, 404,417

nobles of, 129-30, 131, 141-42, 142, 243,

246, 252-54, 255-56, 257-58, 260,

351, 352, 353, 362, 375, 377-78,

380, 421-23, 436-37, 438, 440-42

overseas trade of, 167, 169, 254-55,

387-90,417

painting in, 251-52

peasant rebellions in, 12, 243, 251

peasants in, 129, 137, 252, 254, 256, 356,

357, 358, 422, 438

poor in, 14

population growth in, 20, 364, 364, 366

poverty in, 383-84

printing in, 34

Reformation and, 81, 107, 110, 127,

129-30, 131, 134-37, 138

religious freedom in, 133, 134, 138, 228,

452

Renaissance in, 83

representative government in, 245-46,

260, 319, 508-9

sale of offices in, 29, 138, 247, 249, 255,

256, 380, 437

serfdom in, 13

in Seven Years’ War, 394, 396-401, 422,

438, 441

social structure in, 141-42, 258

Spanish wars with, 129-31, 137, 144,

157, 158, 175, 204-5, 206, 252, 253,

278-79,280

and succession to Polish throne, 427-28

tariffs in, 240, 254-55, 371, 444

taxes in, 127, 129, 132, 137-38, 141, 189,

247, 251, 256, 260, 367, 405, 419,

420, 421,437, 438, 439-40, 443

textile manufacturing in, 73, 202, 255

in Thirty Years’War, 145, 150, 151, 154,

157, 160

trade and commerce in, 21, 22, 23, 24, 73,

235, 254-55, 371, 372, 373, 422

and War of the Austrian Succession, 393,

395-96, 438

in War of the Spanish Succession, 280

wars of religion in, 126, 127-45, 139,

143, 145, 185, 258-60

see also French Revolution

Franche-Comte, 279

Francis, duke of Anjou, 133

Franciscans, 117

Francis Ferdinand, archduke of Austria, 863,

878, 881

assassination of, 882-83, 882

Francis I, emperor of Austria, 489, 504, 573,

588-89

Francis I, king of France, 61, 78, 83, 100, 101,

107, 127-28, 128, 129, 252

Francis 11, king of France, 130, 130, 185

Francis II, king of the Two Sicilies, 656

Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria, 634, 642,

652, 655, 672, 675, 677, 678-80,

681,729, 865-66, 865, 909

in World War I, 887

Franco, Francisco, 993, 1002, 1043-48,

1047, 1055, 1066, 1186

Franco-Austrian War, 679, 729

Franco-Prussian War, 657, 665, 668-70, 669,

685, 731-32, 825, 885, 963, 965

Frank, Anne, 1078

Frankfurt, 575, 667