A Concise History of the Middle East

The Rise of Saudi Arabia • 243 centuries, the Saudis managed to spread their rule and Wahhabi doctrines to most of northern Arab ...

244 • 14 MODERNIZING RULERS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES Sa'ud. The process involved many bedouin raids, battles, and wars be¬ twee ...

The Rise of Saudi Arabia • 245 1940s, Ibn Sa'ud was the Arabs' elder statesman. Although his Hashimite rivals in Transjordan and ...

246 • 14 MODERNIZING RULERS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES Five years of exploration and drilling ensued before the Americans struck ...

The Rise of Saudi Arabia • 247 habis forced all Saudi Muslims to pray five times a day, going from house to house to ensure comp ...

248 • 14 MODERNIZING RULERS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES managed to run up a $300-million debt, despite his government's rising inc ...

Conclusion • 249 rule, but his puritanical values could not cope with the innovations that flooded his country because of the oi ...

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FIFTEEN Egypt's Struggle for Independence For more than a century, Egypt has loomed large in any discussion of Middle East polit ...

252 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE Britain. By rights, Egypt was an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire from 1841 ...

Britain's Role in Egypt • 253 from time to time, but would always make up in the end. Well, they eventu¬ ally did get a divorce, ...

254 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE World War I The quality of British administration in Egypt, superb up to 1914, declin ...

Britain's Role in Egypt • 255 The 1919 Revolution No Englishman foresaw a revival of Egyptian nationalism after the war. The Nat ...

256 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE Egypt's independence. Wingate counseled patience but agreed to wire home for instruct ...

Britain's Role in Egypt • 257 British Efforts at a Solution Concerned about the ongoing unrest in Egypt, the British government ...

258 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE imperial communications in Egypt, (2) Egypt's defense against foreign ag¬ gression, ( ...

Britain's Role in Egypt • 259 The Power Triangle As the battle lines were drawn, three sides, not two, emerged. The following de ...

260 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE Arab-Muslim heritage. Later, when Taha Husayn wrote that Egypt's cultural heritage wa ...

Britain's Role in Egypt ••• 261 King Faruq F aruq (1920-1965) was modern Egypt's second and last king. He was born in Cairo, the ...

262 • 15 EGYPT'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE form a rival party. Meanwhile, the government was doing little to solve Egypt's press ...