A Concise History of the Middle East

548 • Index

Muezzin's call, 44,47
Muftis, 112,281,282,285,297
Mughal Empire, 129,137,158
Muhammad (prince), 102
Muhammad (prophet), 74,123,269
as arbitrator, 35
birth of, 29
death of, 3,41
early life of, 29-30
emigration (Hijra) of, 34-40
first revelation of, 31
Jews and, 35,37,38,40
lust for women of, 37
marriages of, 38,39
message of, 33
religious and political power of, 35,38,
39,40
succession of, 53-54
wives of, 34
Muhammad al-Muntazar (caliph), 89
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 242,
243,244
Mu'izz (caliph), 91
Mujtahids, 111, 154,200,239,371, 375
Mukhtar, 73
Multezims, 148
Muqaddima, 121
Murad, 141
Murad II, 143
Murad IV (sultan), 159
Muruwwa, 24,30,100,108
Muscat, 245
Muslim(s). See also Islam; Mawali;
Muruwwa', Shi'ism; Sunnis
conquests of, 55-57
early, 32-33
fanaticism of, 236,245
meaning of, 33,43,47
non-Arab, 69,72,83,271,403
Muslim Arab nationalists, 207-208
Muslim Brothers, 262,265,266,289,292,
297, 386,429
Muslin cloth, 5
Mussolini, Benito, 201, 260,262,304, 312
Mustafa II (sultan), 159
Mustafa Reshid, 178,179

al-Mu'tasim, 84,103

Mutawakkil, 125

Mu'tazilites, 82,83,123,124,125

Mystery cults, 17. See also Secret societies

Mysticism, 20. See also Sufism

in Islam, 124-125

Nader Shah, 181

Nader (Afshar) Shah, 155

Nagib, Muhammad, 205,266,304

al-Nahhas, Mustafa, 259,260,263,266

Najaf, 67

Najd, 223,245

Najran, 24

Napoleon Bonaparte, 137,158,163,165,

166,171,172,173,175,176,251,305

Egypt occupation by, 171-172

Nasir, Gamal Abd al-, 248,266,267,302,

311,312,313,315,317-325,331,

332,338,339,340, 341,342,347,

358,370

death of, 342

Nasirism and, 319,321,326

policies of, 304-306

Nasirism, ideas of, 319-320,321,326

Nasirite, 322,326

Nasiruddin Shah, 181,199,200

Nasiruddin Tusi, 136

Nasroddin Hoja, 122

Nasser, Gamal Abdel. See Nasir,

Gamal Abd al-

National Pact, 227

ofTurkey,227,301

National Party, of Egypt, 191,194,255,256

National Review, 433-434

Nationalism. See also Pan-Arabism;

Zionism

Arab, 10,185,187,198,203-209,212,

214,218,264,270,271,273,280,

281,290,296, 298,300, 302-306,

308, 310, 312, 314,316-320,322,

324,326,331,332,340,357,359,

360, 399

Armenian, 225,229

Balkan, 162,164,176,197,208

definition of, 185