Index 179
Farmers, 2, 48, 75; cash crops and, 90;
landless, 126. See also Agriculture;
Peasants
Fascism, 122, 124
Feng, Empress Dowager, 47–48
Feng Yuxiang, 116, 122
Filial piety (xiaoxun), 15, 109;
Confucianism and, xv, 35, 43, 44, 48, 86
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period,
67
Flooding, 2; Yellow River, 30, 84, 95, 129
Foot-binding, of women, 74–75, 106, 111,
123
Foreign investment, 146, 150, 153
Four Modernizations (Deng Xiaoping), 146
Four Noble Truths (Buddha), 42
Four Principles (Deng Xiaoping), 147
Free trade, 110, 117
Fu Hao (Lady Hao), 5–6
Gang of Four, 145–46, 147
Gaoxing (widow of Liang), 33, 34
Gaozong Emperor (Tang), 57, 59
Gautama, Siddhartha (Buddha), 42. See also
Buddha; Buddhism
Genghis Khan, 79–80
Germany, 117, 122, 124
Gong Kai, 83
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 149
Government, 24, 45, 69–70; Han, 25, 31.
See also Bureaucracy; Scholar-offi cials
Grand Canal, 22, 51, 54, 62, 67, 88
Great Britain, 150; trade with Qing China,
102–5
Great Leap Forward, 140–41
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,
142–45, 147
Great Wall, 22, 38, 51, 95, 96
Green Gang, 121
Guangwu Emperor (Han), 30
Guangxu Emperor (Qing), 110, 111, 114
Guangzhou (Canton), 28, 39, 61, 62; British
merchants in, 102, 103, 104–5
Guerrilla warfare, 127, 131, 133, 142
Guodian Laozi, 16
Guomindang.See Nationalist (Guomindang)
Party
Hakka people, 106
Han, state of, 21
Han dynasty, 24–36; collapse of, 38;
imperial eunuchs in, 29, 35; Legalism
and, 29, 30, 36; Liu Bang and, 24–25;
Roman Empire compared to, 36; Silk
Roads trade and, 28; Tang dynasty
compared, 53, 63, 66; virtuous women
of, 33–35; Xiongnu and, 25, 26–28
Han Feizi, 17, 18
Hangzhou, 71, 78
Han Wudi, Emperor, 27, 29, 30
Hao (Zhou capital), 11
Hart, Robert, 111–12
Hay, John, 110
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, 106
Heaven(tian), 9, 58. See also Mandate of
Heaven
Heshen, 101
Hierarchy. See Social hierarchy
Hindu scriptures, 40
Hong Kong, 105, 136, 151
Hongwu Emperor (Ming), 85–87, 93. See
also Ming Taizu; Zhu Yuanzhang
Hong Xiuquan, 106–7
Horse-drawn chariots. See Chariots
Horsemanship, 28, 37, 80
Hua Guofeng, 145–46
Huang Chao, 62
Huizong Emperor (Song), 70–71
Hu Jintao, 150, 154
Humanism, 2, 15; Confucius and, 13–14
Human nature, 18
Human sacrifi ce, 7, 8
Hundred Flowers Campaign, 139
Hundred Schools of Thought period, 12–13,
17
Hungarian uprising (1956), 139
Hu Shi, 118
Hu Yaobang, 148
Hwaihai (Xuzhou), Battle of, 134
I Ching. See Book of Changes
Imperial Academy, 31
Imperial court. See Kingship; Mandate of
Heaven;specifi c dynasty and emperor
Imperialism.See Western imperialism
Imperialism as the Last Stage of Capitalism
(Lenin), 119–20
Indian trade, 28, 55–56, 63; Buddhism and,
42, 55–56; opium in, 103
Intellectuals, 132, 144. See also Literati;
Scholar-offi cials
The Intrigues of the Warring States, 11
Iron weapons and tools, 11–12, 78, 81
Japan, 64, 82, 95, 120, 132; aggression of,
127, 129–30, 132; “21 Demands” of,
117; Manchuria and, 128, 129; Qing
dynasty and, 108, 113; rape of Nanjing,
129–30; silver from, 90; surrender of, 133
Jesuit missionaries, 99
Jiang Zemin, 150, 154
Jiankang, 38, 39. See also Nanjing
Jiang Qing, 142, 144–45
Ji Kang, 40–41
Jin, Duke of, 41
Jin dynasty, 37–38, 71, 72, 80, 95
Jingdezhen, porcelain works at, 91
Journey to the West (Monkey), 56, 92