Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700– 1917 (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana
University Press, 1997), 9–26.
Visions of empire in the eighteenth century: Martina Winkler,“From Ruling People to
Owning Land: Russian Concepts of Imperial Possession...,”Jahrbücher für Geschichte
Osteuropas59 (2011): 321–53; Ricarda Vulpius,“The Empire’s Civilizing Mission in the
Eighteenth Century: A Comparative Perspective,”in Tomohiko Uyama, ed.,Asiatic
Russia: Imperial Power in Regional and International Contexts(London and New York:
Routledge, 2012), 13–31; Stephen Baehr,The Paradise Myth in Eighteenth-Century
Russia(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991); Hans Rogger,National Con-
sciousness in Eighteenth-Century Russia(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,
1960); Yuri Slezkine,“Naturalists versus Nations: Eighteenth-Century Russian Scholars
Confront Ethnic Diversity,”in Brower and Lazzerini,Russia’s Orient,27–57; Ryan
Tucker Jones,Empire of Extinction: Russians and the North Pacific’s Strange Beasts of the
Sea, 1741– 1867 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014); Elena V. Barkhatova,“Visual
Russia: Catherine II’s Russia through the Eyes of Foreign Graphic Artists,”in Cynthia
Hyla Whittaker, ed.,Russia Engages the World, 1453– 1825 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 2003), 72–89; Alexander M. Martin,“The Invention of‘Russianness’
in the Late 18th–Early 19th Century,”Ab Imperio3 (2003). Two important Russian
books on this theme: E. A. Vishlenkova,Vizual^0 noe narodovedenie imperii, Ili,“uvidet^0
russkogo dano ne kazhdomu” (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2011);
G. V. Ibneeva,Imperskaia politika Ekateriny II v zerkale ventsenosnykh puteshestvii(Mos-
cow: Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli, 2009).
On urban planning and architectural imperialism, see Kelly O’Neill,“Constructing Imper-
ial Identity in the Borderland: Architecture, Islam and the Renovation of the Crimean
Landscape,”Ab Imperio2 (2006): 163–92 and three essays in a seminal collection:
Dimitri Shvidkovsky,“Catherine the Great’s Field of Dreams: Architecture and Land-
scape in the Russian Enlightenment,”Robert Crews,“Civilization in the City: Architec-
ture, Urbanism and the Colonization of Tashkent,”and Richard Wortman,“The
‘Russian Style’in Church Architecture as Imperial Symbol after 1881,”in James Cracraft
and Daniel B. Rowland, eds.,Architectures of Russian Identity: 1500 to the Present(Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), 51–65, 117–32, 101–16.
On administrative ferment under Alexander I and Nicholas I, only a few of many excellent
works can be cited: W. Bruce Lincoln,In the Vanguard of Reform: Russia’s Enlightened
Bureaucrats, 1825– 1861 (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1982); Paul
W. Werth,The Tsar’s Foreign Faiths: Toleration and the Fate of Religious Freedom in
Imperial Russia(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014); Marc Raeff,Michael Speransky:
Statesman of Imperial Russia, 1772– 1839 (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1957); William
Benton Whisenhunt,In Search of Legality: Mikhail M. Speranskii and the Codification
of Russian Law(Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs, 2001); Schimmelpenninck
van der Oye,Russian Orientalism; Nathaniel Knight,“Science, Empire and Nationality:
Ethnography in the Russian Geographical Society, 1845–1855,”in Jane Burbank and
David Ransel, eds.,Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire(1998), 108–41; Elise
Kimerling Wirtschafter,Social Identity in Imperial Russia(DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois
University Press, 1997) and herRussia’s Age of Serfdom 1649– 1861 (Malden, Mass.:
Blackwell Pub., 2008); E. A. Pravilova,A Public Empire: Property and the Quest for the
Common Good in Imperial Russia(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014). On
Karamzin, see Derek Offord,“Nation-Building and Nationalism in Karamzin’sHistory of
the Russian State,”Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography3 (2010): 1–50.462 The Russian Empire 1450– 1801