operas by Marcos Portugal (1762–1830). A chronology for Lisbon’s principal theater,
1793–1863, is in O Real Theatro de S.Carlos de Lisboa desde a sua fundação em
1793 até á actualidade, by Francisco da Fonseca Benevides (Lisbon: Castro Irmão,
1883). Some updating is given in the same author’s O Real Theatro de S. Carlos de
Lisboa: Memorias, 1883–1902(Lisbon: R. de Souza & Salles, 1902). See also #1080.
Romania (The spelling Rumania is also used.)
- Cosma, Viorel. România muzicalX. Bucharest: Editura MuzicalX, 1980. 131p.
ML258 .C7.
Includes essays on opera companies and other musical institutions. Bibliogra-
phy, no index.
An earlier review of the musical situation: Petre Nitulescu, Muzica româneascXde azi
(Bucharest: Sindicatul AriWtilor InstrumentiWti din România, 1939), has considerable
detail on the operatic institutions. Petre Brâncusi, Muzica în România socialistX
(Bucharest: Editura MuzicalX, 1973), is a popular introduction to opera and other
musical activities, stressing socialist values. A scholarly history of opera, emphasizing
the 19th and 20th centuries:
- Massoff, Ioan. Teatrul romînesc; privire istoricX. Bucharest: Editura Pentru
LiteraturX, 1961–. PN2841 .M3.
Only one volume has been seen, in what was planned as a multivolume history.
It gives details on opera houses, companies, and individuals. There is just one
chronology, for one theater, 1852–1860. Bibliography of about 600 entries, no
index. The next item is a good supplement: - Cosma, Octavian L. Opera romîneascX: Privire istoricXasupra creatiei lirico-
dramatice. Bucharest: Editura MuzicalX, 1962. 332p. ML1751 .R8 C68.
Considers opera and ballet after World War I: well illustrated and footnoted.
List of opera composers and their works (about 300 operas). Chronology of
performing groups in Bucharest, 1772–1921. Bibliography of about 200 titles,
index of persons and titles. The same author’s Hronicul muzicii romanesti
(Bucharest: Editura MuzicalX, 1983), not seen, is described by Kaufmanas the
best of the Cosma books: a history of the companies that have performed in
Romania, with biographies of Romanian singers. - Burada, Teodor. Istoria teatrului în Moldova.Bucharest: Minerva, 1975. xxiii,
809p. No ISBN. PN2845 .M6 B9.
A history of stage performances in the province of Moldova (Moldavia),
1846–1896. Narrative style, with casts, comments, and press notices. The
story ends with the opening of the Teatru National on 1 December 1896. Bib-
liography, title index, name index.
Russia (Russian: Rossiia; French: Russie; German: Russland)
From 1917 to 1991 the country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(Soiuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, or SSSR) and referred to in the West
as the USSR or Soviet Union. Belarus, Lithuania, and Ukraine—former republics of
Russia 487