5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition

AP Biology Practice Exam 2 ❮ 307

• Description of experiment.
  a. Begin by measuring the amount of
  water that evaporates from the surface
  of a plant over a certain amount of
  time under normal conditions. Use
  this as the control. (1 point)
  b. Change the temperature, humidity,
  light intensity, and air movement that
  the plant is exposed to by 5-degree
  increments, and measure the amount
  of transpiration that occurs at the
  various temperatures. (1 point for each
  variable mentioned up to a maximum
  of 2 points)
  c. Mention that these values will be com-
  pared to the control to determine the
  effect of temperature, humidity, light
  intensity, and air movement. (1 ⁄ 2 point
  for each variable mentioned up to a
  maximum of 1 point)


• Mentioning that transpiration increases
  with an increase in temperature, decrease
  in humidity, increase in light intensity,
  and increased air movement. (1 point for
  each, up to a maximum of 2 points)

3. The phenotype for scale color in gila monsters is
   determined by a specific locus. (maximum 4
   points for entire question)
   A. P-generation genotypes (maximum 2 points)

• Creating the correct Punnett square, as
  shown here (1 point):


• Mentioning that genotype of P-
  generation=Gg (heterozygous) crossed
  with gg (homozygous recessive). (1 point)
  B. Explanation for mutation (maximum 3
  points)


• Mentioning that mutation is a random
  event that causes change in allele frequen-
  cies. (1 point)


• Possible explanation: scale-color gene is
  tied to another gene that controls pigment
  distribution (gene at one locus alters phe-
  notypic expression of a gene at another
  locus). (1 point)


• Using the term epistasiscorrectly. (1 point)


• Possible explanation: point mutation
  occurred as DNA responsible for the
  production of protein that determines
  scale color was undergoing replication.
  (1 point)

4. The idea of surface area is an important concept
   in biology. Explain how surface area plays a crit-
   ical role in the digestive system. (maximum 4
   points for entire question)

• Mentioning that majority of absorption
  occurs in small intestine. (1 point)


• Mentioning that numerous folds and ridges
  increase surface area. (1 point)


• Mentioning that brush border and microvilli
  increase surface area. (1 point)


• Mentioning that large surface area leads to
  greater absorption of nutrients. (1 point)


• Mentioning that chewing (mastication) breaks
  up food into smaller pieces. (1 point)


• Mentioning that higher surface area gives
  greater access to salivary amylase. (1 point)

5. The following table includes data from scan sam-
   ples conducted on a fictional mammal called a
   googabear every 10 minutes over the course of
   42 hours. (maximum 4 points for entire question)

• Mentioning that googabears are more active
  from 6 a.m. until 6 p.m. (during daylight
  hours). (1 point)


• Mentioning that they decrease activity from
  6 p.m. to 6 a.m. (when it is dark). (1 point)


• Mentioning that googabears’ food source is
  available during daylight. (1 point)


• Mentioning that googabear predators are
  nocturnal (out at night), so it is safest for
  googabears to remain hidden at night.
  (1 point)


• Mentioning that googabears rely on collec-
  tive body heat at night (huddling); activity
  of huddled group is low. (1 point)

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