Practice Test Two h 301❯ Answers and Explanations
- D—Confucianism and Daoism both arose as a
reaction to the turmoil in China at the end of
the Zhou dynasty. Neither recognized a deity,
and both remained primarily regional belief sys-
tems of East Asia. Buddhism emerged from the
questions of Siddhartha Gautama concerning
the suffering in the world; it spread throughout
the Eastern world. Hinduism was an outgrowth
of the Aryan culture (A). Islam (B) worships
the god Allah, originated in the revelations of
Muhammad, and spread throughout the world.
Judaism (C) worships Yahweh and is a revealed
religion that spread throughout the world via the
Jewish diaspora. - A—Both Rome and Gupta India were central-
ized governments, although that of Rome was
more centrally organized than that of the Gupta.
Roman trade concentrated more on its connec-
tions to overland routes, while Gupta Indian
embraced both overland and, particularly, mari-
time routes (B). The Gupta Empire relied on the
caste system, while the Romans relied heavily on
slave labor (C). The Roman Empire deteriorated
into local rule after its fall, while the aftermath
of Gupta rule was the emergence of regional
kingdoms in India (D). - B—Both the peoples of the Americas and those
of the river valley civilizations were polytheists.
Both groups of societies were also patriarchal
(A). While Sumerians contributed the wheel to
the societies of the Eastern Hemisphere, early
American peoples relied on human muscle to
accomplish their tasks (C). The livelihood of
only the river valley civilizations of the Eastern
Hemisphere depended upon the flood patterns
of rivers (D). - C—Observance of the Five Pillars is key to Islam,
which is the youngest of the belief systems listed.
The Four Noble Truths applies to Buddhism
(A), the covenant relationship to Judaism (B),
and the forgiveness of sins to Christianity (D).
The correct sequence is: Judaism, Buddhism,
Christianity, and Islam.
5. D—The Vikings settled in northern France,
while the Arabs settled in Spain. The Vikings
traded, and sometimes settled, along the rivers
of Russia, while the Arabs did not (A). The
Arab advance into northern France was turned
back at the Battle of Tours in 732; the Vikings
settled in Normandy in northern France about
1000 (B). Although the Vikings were not known
for an interest in spreading learning, the Arabs
preserved the Greco-Roman culture and con-
tributed their own intellectual advances as well,
especially in Spain (C).
6. B—During this time period, Pacific islanders
concentrated on regional trade from island to
island and, therefore, did not include trade with
China and Japan (C), nor with other parts of
East Asia (D). The Malay sailors concentrated
on the Indian Ocean (A).
7. A—Both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta traveled
throughout Southwest Asia, or the Middle East.
Only Ibn Battuta traveled through North Africa
(B) and Islamic Europe (D). Only Marco Polo
visited central Asia (C).
8. B—The island nation of Japan carried on
primarily regional trade under the shogunate.
Russia had traded with the Vikings prior to the
Mongol period (A), while China and East Africa
engaged in Indian Ocean trade (C, D).
9. D—Japanese feudalism ended with the rise of
the Tokugawa Shogunate and, later, the Meiji
Restoration; European feudalism ended with the
rise of regional governments and nation-states.
Only chivalry was a reciprocal (A) and a contrac-
tual (C) relationship. Bushido was based on group
loyalties (B).
10. A—Both Indian and European women worked
in producing textiles at home and in agricultural
roles. In this time period, neither had opportu-
nities for political activism or public speaking
(B). European women could be guild members,
but not guild leaders; Indian women had more
opportunities in long-distance trade (C). Neither
had opportunities to serve as scholars or physi-
cians (D).
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