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Take a Diagnostic Exam ❮ 29- A—(Chapter 13) The lower limit is the level at which the child can solve the problem
working alone, whereas the upper limit requires the child to work hard with a mentor
to solve the problem. - D—(Chapter 13) Chemicals that damage the embryo or fetus, such as alcohol, are
teratogens. - B—(Chapter 13) Continuity is gradual change and discontinuity occurs in stages.
- C—(Chapter 13) As a happily married man, Darren seems to identify himself as
a heterosexual male, which is appropriate according to traditionalists. Traditionally,
however, nursery school teachers are women, so being a nursery school teacher would
be regarded as an inappropriate role for a male. - A—(Chapter 14) Of Freud’s three personality constructs (the id, ego, and superego),
the id is the one guided by the pleasure principle. - D—(Chapter 14) Regression is a retreat to an earlier level of development character-
ized by more immature, pleasurable behavior (in this case oral behavior). - E—(Chapter 14) Reciprocal determinism theory states that characteristics of the
person, the person’s behavior, and the environment all affect one another in two-way
causal relationships. - E—(Chapter 14) According to Eysenck, neuroticism is our level of instability and
extroversion is our sociability. - E—(Chapter 14) The Rorschach presents ambiguous inkblots so that test takers will
project their unconscious thoughts or feelings onto them. - D—(Chapter 15) In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same
score. - C—(Chapter 15) Salovey and Mayer described emotional intelligence as the ability
to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. - D—(Chapter 15) All good tests must have content validity and reliability. Aptitude
tests, but not achievement tests, must have predictive validity. - A—(Chapter 15) Heritability is the proportion of variation among individuals that
results from genetic causes. Since identical triplets have all of the same genes, none of
the variation results from genetic causes. - B—(Chapter 15) Claude Steele hypothesizes that at least part of the difference in scores
can be attributed to anxiety that influences members of a group concerned that their
performance on a test will confirm a negative stereotype. - B—(Chapter 16) Abnormal behavior is statistically rare, violates cultural norms, person-
ally interferes with day-to-day living, and legally may cause a person to be unable to
know right from wrong. Her behavior seems bizarre to others, but not to her. - C—(Chapter 16) According to Freudian theory, all abnormal behavior results from
unconscious conflicts that have not been resolved. - C—(Chapter 16) Narcissistic personality is characterized by preoccupation with
fantasies about ultimate power, riches, brilliance, or beauty, as well as an unwarranted
sense of self-importance. - A—(Chapter 16) A hallucination is a sensory experience in the absence of an external
stimulus, which in this case is hearing a voice that isn’t there. - E—(Chapter 16) DSM-IV classifies disorders into 17 major categories according to
their symptoms. - D—(Chapter 17) Systematic desensitization is the only behavioral therapy listed. It has
been very helpful in lessening fear step-by-step. - E—(Chapter 17) Humanistic therapy focuses on the present and future, conscious
thoughts and feelings, and promoting growth. Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on
unconscious thoughts and feelings in the past and on curing illness.