The Solar System

CHAPTER 4 | THE ORIGIN OF MODERN ASTRONOMY 65 Kepler’s fi rst law says that the orbits of the planets around the sun are ellipse ...

66 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY Kepler’s evident deference was Tycho’s family, still powerful and still intent on protecting Tyc ...

CHAPTER 4 | THE ORIGIN OF MODERN ASTRONOMY 67 Much later, Kepler derived his three laws of motion from the observations made by ...

68 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY showed that Jupiter, which everyone agreed was moving, was able to keep its satellites. Th at su ...

CHAPTER 4 | THE ORIGIN OF MODERN ASTRONOMY 69 and others looked and claimed to see nothing (hardly surprising, given the awkward ...

70 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY that included the statement that Galileo was “not to hold, teach, or defend in any way” the prin ...

CHAPTER 4 | THE ORIGIN OF MODERN ASTRONOMY 71 Of all of Galileo’s telescopic observations, the moons of Jupiter caused the most ...

72 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY ■ Figure 4-21 The 99 years between the death of Copernicus in 1543 and the death of Galileo in 1 ...

Summary ▶ Archaeoastronomy (p. 50) is the study of the astronomy of ancient peoples. Many cultures around the world observed the ...

74 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY Galileo’s telescopes were not of high quality by modern standards. He was able to see the moons ...

75 Isaac Newton, shown here, could explain orbital motion using gravity. Gravity 5 Guidepost If only Renaissance astronomers had ...

76 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY lead of the Catholic countries, had adopted the Gregorian calen- dar, but Protestant England con ...

CHAPTER 5 | GRAVITY 77 He began by studying the motions of falling bodies, but he quickly discovered that the velocities were so ...

78 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY Th e book is a brilliant achievement for a number of reasons. To understand motion, Galileo had ...

CHAPTER 5 | GRAVITY 79 Fundamentals 1). Now imagine that, instead of tossing a paper clip, someone tosses you a bowling ball. A ...

80 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY velocity and requires the presence of a force. Aristotle said that objects move because they hav ...

CHAPTER 5 | GRAVITY 81 distance is the distance from Earth’s center, not the distance from Earth’s surface. Because the moon is ...

82 PART 1^ |^ EXPLORING THE SKY right distance from Earth it could be a very useful geosyn- chronous satellite. Notice that obje ...

CHAPTER 5 | GRAVITY 83 that follows the inverse square law, then the planet must follow an elliptical path. Even though Kepler c ...

PART 1 | EXPLORING THE SKY North Pole A satellite above Earth’s atmosphere feels no friction and will fall around Earth indefini ...