Human Anatomy Vol 1

(mdmrcog) #1
General

Bones
Joints
Muscles

Nerves

Branches

Arteries

Joints

Muscles

Upper limb
The upper limb is for range and variety of
movements.
Thumb assisted by palm and fingers has the
power of holding articles.
Upper limb bud rotates laterally, so that the thumb
points laterally. Nerve supply: Ventral rami of
ceruical 5-8 and thoracic 1 segments of spinal
cord. Musculocutaneous, median and ulnar
nerves supply the flexor aspects of the limb, while
the axillary nerve supplies deltoid and radial
nerve supplies the triceps brachii (extensor of
elbow) and its branch the posterior interosseous
supplies the extensors of wrist

Arm

Humerus is the longest bone of upper limb
Shoulder joint is a multiaxial joint
Anteriorly: Biceps, brachialis and coraco-
brachialis supplied by musculocutaneous nerve
Posteriorly: Triceps brachii supplied by radial
nerve
Musculocutaneous for anterior compartment of
arm Radial for posterior compartment. Coraco-
brachialis equivalent to medial compartment of
arm also supplied by musculocutaneous nerue
Muscular, cutaneous, adicular/geniculaL vascular
and terminal branches
Axillary, brachial, profunda (deep) brachii

Forearm

Radius: Preaxial bone
Ulna: Postaxial bone
Elbow joint formed by humerus, radius and ulna,
communicates with superior radioulnar joint.
Forearm is characterised by superior and inferior
radioulnar joints. These are both pivot variety of
synovial joints permitting rotatory movements of
pronation and supination, e.g. meant for picking
up food and putting it in the mouth
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum prof undus
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor pollicis longus
Anterior aspect: Flexors of wrist and pronators
of forearm
Posterior aspect: Extensors of wrist, and supinator

Lower limb
Lower lirnb with long and heavy bones supports and stabilises
the body.
Lower limb bud rotates medially, so that big toe points medially.
Nerve supply: Ventral rami of lumbar 2-5 and sacral 1-3
segments of spinal cord. The two gluteal nerves supply glutei.
Sciatic and one of its terminal branches, the tibial nerve supplies
the flexor aspect of the limb. The other terminal branch of sciatic
nerve, i.e. common peroneal, supplies the extensors of ankle
joint (dorsiflexors) through its deep peroneal branch. lts
superficial branch supplies the peroneal muscles of the leg.
Femoral supplies the quadriceps femoris (extensor of knee)
while obturator nerve supplies the adductors.

Thigh

Femur is the longest bone of lower limb and of the body
Hip joint is a multiaxial joint
Posteriorly: Hamstrings supplied by sciatic
Anteriorly: Quadriceps by femoral
Medially: Adductors by obturator nerve

Sciatic for posterior compartment of thigh, femoral for anterior
compadment of thigh, obturator for adductor muscles of medial
compartment of thigh

Muscular, cutaneous, articular/genicular, vascular and terminal
branches
Femoral, popliteal and profunda femoris (deep)

Leg

Tibia: Preaxial bone
Fibula: Postaxial bone
Knee joint formed by femur, tibia and patella. Fibula does not
participate in knee joint. An additional bone (sesamoid) patella
makes its appearance. This is an important weight-bearing
joint

Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Soleus and flexor digitorum brevis
Gastrocnemius (medial head)
Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Anterior aspect: Dorsiflexors of ankle joint
Posterior aspect: Plantarflexors (flexors) of ankle joint
Lateral aspect: Evertors of subtalar joint

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