irreversible. Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.
rTheoretical
Tetracaine→see anaesthetics, local
Tetracycline→see tetracyclines
Tetracyclines→seeTABLE 1p. 847 (hepatotoxicity)
demeclocycline.doxycycline.lymecycline.minocycline.
oxytetracycline.tetracycline.tigecycline..▶ACE inhibitors(quinapril)(tablet) decrease the absorption of
oraltetracycline. Avoid.oStudy
▶Antacidsdecrease the absorption oftetracyclines. Separate
administration by 2 to 3 hours.oStudy
▶Antiepileptics(carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,
phenytoin, primidone)decrease the exposure todoxycycline.
Monitor and adjust dose.oStudy→Also seeTABLE 1
p. 847
▶Tetracyclinedecreases the concentration ofantimalarials
(atovaquone).oStudy
▶Calcium salts(calcium carbonate)are predicted to decrease the
absorption oftetracyclines. Separate administration by 2 to
3 hours.oTheoretical
▶Tetracyclinesincrease the risk of bleeding events when given
withcoumarins.oAnecdotal
▶Dairy productsdecrease the exposure totetracyclines
(demeclocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline). Avoid.o
Study
▶Enzalutamidedecreases the exposure todoxycycline. Monitor
and adjust dose.oStudy
▶Iron (oral)decreases the absorption oftetracyclines.
Tetracyclinesshould be taken 2 to 3 hours afteriron (oral).
oStudy
▶Kaolinis predicted to decrease the absorption oftetracyclines.
oTheoretical
▶Lanthanumis predicted to decrease the absorption of
tetracyclines. Separate administration by 2 hours.o
Theoretical
▶Mitotanedecreases the exposure todoxycycline. Monitor and
adjust dose.oStudy
▶Retinoids(acitretin, alitretinoin, isotretinoin, tretinoin)increase
the risk of benign intracranial hypertension when given with
tetracyclines. Avoid.rAnecdotal
▶Rifampicindecreases the exposure todoxycycline. Monitor and
adjust dose.oStudy
▶Oralzincis predicted to decrease the absorption of
tetracyclines. Separate administration by 2 to 3 hours.
oTheoretical
Thalidomide→seeTABLE 6p. 848 (bradycardia),TABLE 15p. 850
(myelosuppression),TABLE 12p. 850 (peripheral neuropathy),TABLE 5
p. 847 (thromboembolism),TABLE 11p. 849 (CNS depressant effects)
▶Combined hormonal contraceptivesare predicted to increase
the risk of venous thromboembolism when given with
thalidomide. Avoid.rStudy
▶Hormone replacement therapyis predicted to increase the risk
of venous thromboembolism when given withthalidomide.
rTheoretical
Theophylline→seeTABLE 17p. 851 (reduced serum potassium)
FOOD AND LIFESTYLESmoking can increase theophylline
clearance and increased doses of theophylline are therefore
required; dose adjustments are likely to be necessary if
smoking started or stopped during treatment.▶Acicloviris predicted to increase the exposure totheophylline.
Monitor and adjust dose.rTheoretical
▶Theophyllinedecreases the efficacy ofantiarrhythmics
(adenosine). Separate administration by 24 hours.nStudy
▶Antiepileptics(carbamazepine)potentially increase the
clearance oftheophyllineandtheophyllinedecreases the
exposure toantiepileptics(carbamazepine). Adjust dose.
oAnecdotal
▶Antiepileptics(fosphenytoin, phenytoin)are predicted to
decrease the exposure totheophylline. Adjust dose.o
Study
▶Antiepileptics(phenobarbital, primidone)are predicted to
increase the clearance oftheophylline. Adjust dose.o
Theoretical
▶Antiepileptics(stiripentol)are predicted to increase the
exposure totheophylline. Avoid.oTheoretical
▶Beta blockers, non-selectiveare predicted to increase the risk
of bronchospasm when given withtheophylline. Avoid.r
Theoretical
▶Beta blockers, selectiveare predicted to increase the risk of
bronchospasm when given withtheophylline. Avoid.r
Theoretical
▶Caffeine citratedecreases the clearance oftheophylline.
oStudy
▶Combined hormonal contraceptivesare predicted to increase
the exposure totheophylline. Monitor and adjust dose.
oTheoretical
▶Theophyllineincreases the risk of agitation when given with
doxapram.oStudy
▶Enteral feedsdecrease the exposure totheophylline.o
Study
▶H 2 receptor antagonists(cimetidine)increase the concentration
oftheophylline. Adjust dose.rStudy
▶HIV-protease inhibitors(ritonavir)are predicted to decrease the
exposure totheophylline. Adjust dose.oStudy
▶Interferonsslightly increase the exposure totheophylline.
Adjust dose.oStudy
▶Iron chelators(deferasirox)increase the exposure to
theophylline. Avoid.oStudy
▶Isoniazidis predicted to affect the clearance oftheophylline.
rAnecdotal
▶Leflunomideis predicted to decrease the exposure to
theophylline. Adjust dose.oStudy
▶Theophyllineis predicted to decrease the concentration of
lithium. Monitor concentration and adjust dose.o
Anecdotal
▶Macrolides(azithromycin, clarithromycin)are predicted to
increase the exposure totheophylline. Adjust dose.o
Anecdotal
▶Macrolides(erythromycin)decrease the clearance of
theophyllineandtheophyllinepotentially decreases the
clearance ofmacrolides(erythromycin). Adjust dose.r
Study
▶Methotrexatedecreases the clearance oftheophylline.
oStudy
▶Monoclonal antibodies(blinatumomab)are predicted to
transiently increase the exposure totheophylline. Monitor and
adjust dose.oTheoretical
▶Monoclonal antibodies(sarilumab)potentially affect the
exposure totheophylline. Monitor and adjust dose.o
Theoretical
▶Monoclonal antibodies(tocilizumab)are predicted to decrease
the exposure totheophylline. Monitor and adjust dose.
oTheoretical
▶Obeticholic acidis predicted to increase the exposure to
theophylline.rTheoretical
▶Pentoxifyllineincreases the concentration oftheophylline.
Monitor and adjust dose.rStudy
▶Quinolones(ciprofloxacin)are predicted to increase the
exposure totheophylline. Monitor and adjust dose.o
Theoretical
▶Quinolones(norfloxacin)are predicted to increase the exposure
totheophylline. Adjust dose.oAnecdotal
▶Rifampicinis predicted to decrease the exposure to
theophylline. Adjust dose.oStudy
▶Theophyllineis predicted to slightly increase the exposure to
roflumilast. Avoid.oTheoretical
▶SSRIs(fluvoxamine)moderately to markedly increase the
exposure totheophylline. Avoid.rStudy
▶St John’sWortpotentially decreases the exposure to
theophylline.rAnecdotal
▶Sucralfatepotentially decreases the absorption of
theophylline. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
oStudy
▶Sympathomimetics, vasoconstrictor(ephedrine)increase the risk
of side-effects when given withtheophylline. Avoid in
children.oStudy
▶Teriflunomideis predicted to decrease the exposure to
theophylline. Adjust dose.oStudyBNFC 2018 – 2019 Tetrabenazine—Theophylline 1001
Interactions|Appendix 1A1