MCAT Organic Chemistry Review 2018-2019

10.1 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 10.1, you will be able to: Identify th ...

The α-carbon, with its four different groups, is a chiral (stereogenic) center. Glycine, the simplest amino ...

Chapter 1 of MCAT Biochemistry Review. Aside from the zwitterionic properties common to every amino acid ...

of the backbone of proteins. The single bonds on either side of the peptide bond, on the other hand, permit ...

Why is the C–N bond of an amide planar? ...

10.2 Synthesis of α-Amino Acids LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 10.2, you will be able to: Recall the required r ...

Figure 10.6. Strecker Synthesis: Step 1 An aminonitrile is generated from an aldehyde or ketone. In Step ...

Figure 10.7. Strecker Synthesis: Step 2 An amino acid is generated from the aminonitrile. The starting mate ...

Figure 10.8. Gabriel Synthesis An amino acid is generated from phthalimide and diethyl bromomalonate, using tw ...

Like the Strecker synthesis, the Gabriel synthesis starts with a planar molecule; thus, the product is a ra ...

What are the four main reactants in the Gabriel synthesis of an amino acid? What are the reactions types ...

10.3 Phosphorus-Containing Compounds LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 10.3, you will be able to: Recognize the trait ...

Figure 10.9. Phosphodiester Bond in DNA When a new nucleotide is joined to a growing strand of DNA by a DNA ...

synthesis is described in Chapter 6 of MCAT Biochemistry Review. Nucleotides, such ATP, GTP, and thos ...

What characteristics make inorganic phosphate so useful for energy transfer biologically? What is an organi ...

Conclusion In this chapter, we spent a lot of time looking at biologically active molecules—but did you n ...

Concept Summary Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins The α-carbon of an amino acid is attached to four ...

Synthesis of α-Amino Acids Phosphorus-Containing Compounds Peptide bonds form by condensation reactions and ca ...

to two inorganic phosphates. Phosphate bonds are high energy because of large negative charges in adjacent ...

Answers to Concept Checks 10.1 All amino acids, except glycine, have chiral α-carbons. Because the R group of ...