Gangster State

CHAPTER 4: AN EARLY SCANDAL

1. Chitja Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led
   Free State Province ( 1994 – 2004 ): A reality?’, Journal for Contemporary History, 30
   ( 3 ), January 2005 , pp. 109 – 131.


2. ‘Resolutions by ANC, 20 December 2007 , 52 nd National Conference, Polokwane’,
   South African History Online, available at
   https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/resolutions-anc- 20 -december- 2007 - 52 nd-national-
   conference-polokwane (last accessed 17 September 2018 ).


3. Rapule Tabane, ‘Drive to finesse “Ace”’, Mail & Guardian, 15 April 2005 , available
   at https://mg.co.za/article/ 2005 - 04 - 15 -drive-to-finesse-ace (last accessed 17 September
   2018 ).


4. Tom Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994 (Cape Town: David Philip, 1999 ), p.


5. 
   


6. Ibid.


7. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free
   State Province ( 1994 – 2004 )’.


8. Marianne Merten, ‘Magashule aces entrenchment of power’, Sunday Independent, 24
   June 2012 , available at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/magashule-aces -
   entrenchment-of-power- 1326234 (last accessed 17 September 2018 ).


9. Qaanitah Hunter, ‘NDZ bid to be No 1 hits bumps in NEC and Ace’, Sunday Times,
   24 September 2017.


10. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free
    State Province ( 1994 – 2004 )’.


11. Ibid.


12. Mark Gevisser, ‘Patrick “Terror” Lekota, Free State premier, in’, Mail & Guardian,
    8 August 1996 , available at https://mg.co.za/article/ 1996 - 08 - 08 -patrick-terror-lekota -
    free-state-premier-in (last accessed 17 September 2018 ).


13. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota uncovers corruption in Free State’, Mail & Guardian, 8
    August 1996 , available at https://mg.co.za/article/ 1996 - 08 - 08 -lekota-uncovers-
    corruption-in -free-state (last accessed 17 September 2018 ).


14. Lodge, South African Politics Since 1994 , p. 21.


15. Twala, ‘The demon of factionalism in an African National Congress (ANC)-led Free
    State Province ( 1994 – 2004 )’.


16. ‘Commission finds R 3 -m irregularities’, The Star, 13 December 1996.


17. National Party media statement, undated, sourced from the Archive for
    Contemporary Affairs (ARCA) at the University of the Free State.


18. Staff reporter, ‘Lekota uncovers corruption in Free State’.