cells, 254–268, 256f
life span, 256–259
characteristics, 252
components, 253f
count, complete, 262t
flow
distribution, 309–310
velocity of, 306–307
gases, 30b
pressure, 54–56, 307–310
diastolic, 307
maintenance, 307–309
regulation, 310–314
systolic, 307
stroke volume, 283, 284t
test
kidney function, 434b
types, 259–261
inheritance, 491f
typing and cross-matching, 261
vessels, 98, 191t
structure, 293f
Blood-brain barrier, 167f
Body
cavities, 14f
metabolism, 395–413
structures, from primary germ layers,
480t
temperature, 396–400
effects of changes, 402f
regulation, 398–399
Body Mass Index, 412b
Bone(s), 78–79, 226f; see alsoSkeletal
system; Skeleton
arm and shoulder girdle, 124f
classification, 106–108
collar, 110f
compact, 106, 110f
cranial, 112
fractures and repair, 111b
growth and maintenance
hormones, 112t
factors affecting, 108–112
hip and leg, 128b
leg, 127f
shoulder and arm, 125t
tissue, 107f
Bony labyrinth (ear), 210
Botulism, 146b
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),
39b
Bowman’s capsule, 423f, 424, 426f
Brachial artery, 297f, 300t
Brachial plexus, 173f
Brachial vein, 298f, 302t
Brachialis, 152f, 153f, 156f
Brachiocephalic artery, 276f, 297f, 299f,
300t
Brachiocephalic vein, 298f, 302tBrachioradialis, 152f, 153f, 156f, 157t
Bradycardia, 283
Brain, 176–184; see alsospecific regions
association areas, 182–183
basal ganglia, 183
cerebellum, 178
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 184–186,
186f
cerebrum, 179–184
corpus callosum, 183–184
frontal lobes, 180–181
hypothalamus, 178–179
left cerebral hemisphere, 180f
medulla, 176
meninges, 184–186
structure, 185f
midbrain, 176–178
midsagittal section, 177f
motor areas, 140
occipital lobe, 182
parietal lobes, 181
pons, 176
role of in muscle motion, 139–140
temporal lobes, 181–182
thalamus, 179
ventricles, 176
Brain stem, 176
Breasts, 226f
Breathing mechanisms, 347–351
Broad ligament, 464f
Broca’s motor speech, 181
Bronchial artery, 300t
Bronchial tree, 346
Bronchioles, 190f, 191t, 346, 348f
BSE. SeeBovine spongiform encephalopa-
thy
Buccal cavity, 370–373; see alsoOral cavity
Buccinator, 154f, 154t
Buffer systems, 32–33, 446–448
Bulbospongiosus, 159f, 159t
Bulbourethral gland, 459f, 462
Bundle branches, 281
Bundle of His, 285f; see also
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
Burns, 92b, 93b
Bursae, 128C
Calcaneus, 125
Calcaneus tarsal, 127f
Calcitonin, 231, 233–234, 233t, 234f
bone growth, 112t
functions, 234f
Calcitriol, 430
Calcium, 410t, 447t
Callus, 91
Calories, 405
Calyces, 421, 422fCanal of Schlemm, 207
Canaliculi, 106
Cancer, 61b
Candida albicans, 512
Capacitation, 476
Capillaries, 293–296, 293f, 295f, 383f, 384
anterior pituitary, 227f
exchanges, 295–296, 295f
hypothalamus, 227f
Capitate, 124f
Capitulum, 124f
Capsule (lymph node), 326f
Carbohydrate, 35t
metabolism, 386
Carbon monoxide, 357b
Carbonic anhydrase, 358
Carcinogens, 61b
Cardiac
conduction pathway, 279–283
cycles, 278–279, 279f
muscle, 81
notch, 348f
output, 283–284, 284t
reserve, 284, 284t
Cardiogenic shock, 314b
Carotid
arteries, 216
body, 285f, 360
sinus, 285f
Carpals, 114f, 123, 124f, 125t
Carrier enzyme, 54
Cartilage, 79, 110f
Catabolism, 401
Catalysts, 38
Cataracts, 205b
Catecholamines, 238
Cations, 26, 445
Cauda equina, 172, 173f
Caval veins, 275
Cavernous tissue (penis), 432f
Cavernous urethra, 432f, 459f
Cecum, 371f, 385, 385f
Celiac artery, 297f, 300t
Celiac ganglion, 190f
Cell(s), 4, 48–63, 245f
aging, 63
body, 81, 81t, 166, 167f, 170f
division, 60–63
interstitial, 450, 460f
membranes, 35, 48–49, 49f, 50f
nucleus, 57f, 245f
organelles, 50–52
functions, 52t
respiration, 30, 401, 404f
summary, 405t
stem, 60, 254, 255f, 476, 480
structure, 48–52
transport mechanisms, 52–56, 54t, 55f
Cell-mediated immunity, 330Index 59131Scanlon(p3) Index 8/17/06 11:09 AM Page 591