Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

RNA, 40f, 41–42, 42t, 58–59 Rods (retina), 204, 206f Rotation, 150t Rough endoplasmic reticulum, 50f Round ligament, 464f Round window (ear), 212f, 213f, 214 Rubrospinal tract, 170f Rugae, 376, 377f, 431, 432f, 464f Ruptured disc, 121b

S Saccule, 214–215, 215f Sacral plexus, 173f Sacroiliac joints, 119, 126f Sacrospinalis group, 155t Sacrum, 114f, 119, 120f, 126f, 420f, 459f, 463f Saddle joint, 123, 129f Saliva, 328, 372 Salivary glands, 190f, 191t, 372, 372–373, 374t Salmonella food poisoning, 384b Salt, 26 taste area, 201f Saltatory conduction, 171 Sarcolemma, 142, 143f, 144f depolarization, 145 electrical changes, 145t polarization, 143–145 Sarcomeres, 142, 143f, 144f Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 142, 144f Sartorius, 153f, 157t, 158f Scala tympani, 212f Scala vestibuli, 212f Scaphoid, 124f Scapula, 114f, 122, 124f, 125t, 139f, 149b Schwann cells, 81, 81t, 166, 167f Sciatic nerve, 149b, 173f, 174t Sclera, 204, 206f Scoliosis, 122b Scrotum, 457, 459f Sebaceous glands, 96–97, 99t Sebum, 96 Secondary follicles, 469f Secondary sex characteristics, 243 Secretin, 379, 381 Selective permeability, 48 Sella turcica, 113, 117f Semen, 462 Semicircular canals, 211f, 212f, 213f, 215 Semilunar notch, 124f Semimembranosus, 152f, 158f Seminal vesicle, 459f, 461 Seminiferous tubules, 450, 459, 460f Semitendinosus, 152f Semispinalis capitis, 154t Semitendinosus, 158f Sensations, characteristics, 198–199

Senses, 197–216 Sensory areas, 198 Sensory association area (brain), 180f Sensory nerves, 171 Sensory neurons, 174, 198 Sensory pathway, 198 Sensory tracts, 198 Septic shock, 314b Septicemia, 92b, 502 Serosa, 375f, 376 Serous fluid, 82, 274 Serous membranes, 82 Serratus anterior, 155f Sex chromosomes, 476 Sex-linked trait, 266b Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 466b Shingles, 174b Short bones, 106 Shoulder, 122–123 Sickle-cell anemia, 257b, 490t Sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS), 59b Sigmoid colon, 375f, 385f Sinoatrial (SA) node, 279, 281f, 285f Sinusoids, 294, 380f Skeletal muscle, 138 pump, 308, 322 structure, 144f tissue, 79 Skeletal system, 105–131 Skeleton, 112–128, 114f Skin, 90–99; see alsoIntegumentary system Skull, 112–119, 109f, 114f, 115f bones, 118t Sliding filament mechanism, 142 Small cardiac vein, 278f Small intestine, 190f, 371f, 374t, 375f, 378–379, 381–383, 383f sections, 15f Small saphenous vein, 298f, 302t Smell sense of, 202 structures concerned with, 201f Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, 50f Smooth muscle tissue, 79–80, 293f Sodium, 410t, 447t pump, 143 Soft palate, 201f, 344, 345f, 348f Soleus, 152f, 153f, 157t, 158f Solutions, 53b Somatostatin, 229, 237t Somatotropin. SeeGrowth hormone (GH) Sour (taste area), 201f Sperm, 478f Spermatic cord, 460f, 461 Spermatids, 460f Spermatocytes, 460f Spermatogenesis, 62, 450, 457f, 464f Spermatogonia, 460f

Spermatozoa (sperm cells), 460f Sphenoid bone, 109f, 113, 115f, 117f, 201f Sphenoid fontanel, 109f Sphenoid sinus, 119f, 345f, 348f Spinal cord, 171–176, 173f, 177f, 186f cross-section, 170f injuries, 176b nerves, 173f reflexes, 172–176, 174 Spinal nerve, 172, 185f Spine curves, abnormalities, 122b Spinothalamic tract, 170f Spinous process (of axis), 120f Spleen, 304f, 324, 325f, 371f Splenic artery, 297f, 300t Splenic flexure, 385f Splenic vein, 298f, 304f Splenius capitis, 154t, 155f Spongy bone, 106, 110f Squamosal suture, 115f, 117f Squamous cell, 70f carcinoma, 94b Stapes, 119, 210, 211f Staphylococcus aureus, 499 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 499–500 Starling’s law of the heart, 283, 307, 311 Stem cell, 60, 254, 255f implantation, 476 placenta, 480 Stenosis, 281b Sterilization, 461b, 505 Sternal end (clavicle), 124f Sternocleidomastoid, 153f, 154f, 154t, 155f Sternohyoid, 154f Sternum, 114f, 122, 123f, 351f Steroids, 37, 37t, 225 hormones, 244–245, 245f, 408 Stimuli, 198 Stomach, 190f, 191t, 304f, 371f, 374t, 375f, 376–378, 377f disorders, 378b Strabismus, 210 Straight sinus, 298f, 299f Stratum corneum, 90–93, 95t Stratum germinativum, 90, 95t Streptococcus pneumoniae, 500 Streptokinase, 268b Stretch receptors, 141 Stretch reflex, 175 Striated muscle, 79 Stroke (cerebrovascular accident), 146–147, 181b Stroke volume, 283, 284t Styloid process, 116f Subarachnoid space, 184, 185f, 186f Subclavian artery, 297f Subclavian vein, 298f, 302t, 323f

Index 601

31Scanlon(p3) Index 8/17/06 11:09 AM Page 601

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

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