Prostaglandins (PGs), 244
Prostate gland, 432f, 459f, 461–462
Prostatic hypertrophy, 462b
Prostatic urethra, 432f
Proteasome, 50f, 51, 52t
Proteins, 37–40, 225, 406, 407f
buffer system, 448
energy sources, 403–405
functions, 39t
hormones, 244
prions, 39b
structure, 38f
synthesis, 56t, 57f, 245, 245f
Proteinuria, 434t
Prothrombin, 252, 267f
Proton, 24
Proton pumps, 377
Protozoa, 499, 513–514, 514f
diseases caused, 523t
Proximal convoluted tubule (nephron),
423f, 424, 426f
Psoas major muscle, 420f
Pterygopalatine ganglion, 190f
Puberty, 450
Pubic arch, 126f
Pubic symphysis, 123, 126f
Pubis, 114f, 123, 126f, 127f
Pulmonary
artery, 297f, 305f, 356f
bronchus, 348f
capillaries, 348f, 356f
circulation, 296
edema, 357b
semilunar valve, 275, 276f, 277f, 277t
surfactant, 347
veins, 275, 298f, 356f
volumes, 351–354
Pulp cavity, 372, 372f
Pulse, 304b; see alsoHeart rate
Punnett square, 487
Pupil, 204
Purkinje fibers, 281f, 282
Pyloric sphincter, 376, 382f
Pyloric stenosis, 378b
Pylorus, 377f
Pyridoxine, 409t
Pyrogens, 399Q
Quadriceps femoris, 157tR
Radial artery, 297f, 300t
Radial nerve, 173f, 174t
Radial tuberosity, 124f
Radial vein, 302t
Radiation, heat loss, 397Radius, 114f, 122, 124f, 125t, 139f
Range-of-motion (ROM), 139
Reabsorption (of renal filtrate)
mechanisms, 425–427
Receptor, 170f, 174, 198, 244–245, 245f
sites, 48, 49f, 99t, 169f, 170, 245f
skin, 96, 167f
Recessive allele, 487
Recovery oxygen uptake, 142
Rectal fold, 387f
Rectum, 190f, 371f, 375f, 385f, 387f, 459f,
463f
Rectus abdominis, 153f, 155f, 155t
Rectus femoris, 153f, 158f
Red blood cells (RBC), 75, 254–259
Red bone marrow (RBM), 106, 254,
254–256
Referred pain, 200
Reflex, 172
Reflex arc, 174–175
Refraction (of light), 207
errors, 208b
Regulation, body temperature, 398–399
Relaxin, 468, 470t
Releasing hormones, 225, 227f, 228
Renal-angiotensin mechanism, 430t
Renal artery, 300t, 420f, 422f, 424
Renal corpuscle, 421–424, 422f
Renal cortex, 421, 422f, 423f
Renal failure, 425b
Renal fascia, 421
Renal filtrate, 424
Renal mechanisms
acid-base balance, 450
Renal medulla, 421, 422f, 423f
Renal pelvis, 421, 422f
Renal pyramids, 421
Renal tubule, 422f, 424
Renal vein, 298f, 302t, 420f, 422f, 424
Renin, 311, 312f, 429
Renin-angiotensin mechanism, 240, 311,
312f, 312t
Repolarization, 171, 172t
Reproductive organs, 190f
Reproductive system, 455–470, 463f, 464f,
459f
Resident flora, 500
Residual air, 353
Resistance, host, 500
Resorption, 108
Respiration, 350f
acid-base balance, 360–361
chemical regulation, 359–360
nervous regulation, 358–359
regulation, 358–360
Respiratory acidosis, 361, 449, 450t
Respiratory alkalosis, 361, 449, 450t
Respiratory compensation, 361
metabolic pH changes, 449–450Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). See
Hyaline membrane disease
Respiratory mechanisms, acid-base bal-
ance, 448–450
Respiratory muscles
actions, 351f
Respiratory pump, 308, 322
Respiratory system, 343–362, 348f
aging, 361
divisions, 344–347
Respiratory tract
heat loss, 398
upper, 345f
Rete testis, 460f
Reticulocyte, 254, 255f
Reticulocytes, 255f
Retina, 204
detached, 207
microscopic structure, 206f
Reuptake, 169
Rh disease, 261b
Rh factor, 259, 261
Rheumatoid arthritis, 130b
Rhodospin, 207
RhoGAM, 261b
Rhomboideus major, 155f
Rib cage, 122, 123f
Riboflavin, 409t
Ribonucleic acid. SeeRNA
Ribosomal RNA, 49
Ribosomes, 50f, 51, 52t, 56t, 57f, 245f
Ribs, 114f, 122
Rickettsias, 509–510
Right atrioventricular (AV) valve, 275
Right atrium, 275, 276f, 277t, 281f, 305f
Right axillary artery, 299f
Right axillary vein, 299f
Right bundle branch, 281f
Right colic vein, 304f
Right common carotid artery, 299f, 300t,
303f
Right common iliac artery, 297f
Right coronary artery, 276f, 278f
Right coronary vein, 278f
Right external carotid artery, 299f
Right external jugular, 299f
Right gastric vein, 304f
Right hepatic vein, 380f
Right internal carotid artery, 299f
Right internal jugular, 299f
Right lymphatic duct, 325f
Right pulmonary artery, 276f
Right pulmonary veins, 276f
Right subclavian artery, 299f, 300t
Right subclavian vein, 299f
Right transverse sinus, 299f
Right ventricle, 275, 276f, 277t, 281f, 285f
Right vertebral artery, 299f
Right vertebral vein, 299f600 Index31Scanlon(p3) Index 8/17/06 11:09 AM Page 600