Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

304 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Alternative Land Use. Areas with low ultimate land use should receive prime consideration. Areas w ...

Process Air Waste Incineration Fuel Emission effluent control media Hazardous Waste 305 output Emission Liquidhlid effluent ...

306 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Unless controlled by applications of air pollution control technology, the gaseous and particulat ...

Hazardous Waste 307 sufficient calorific value to support combustion in a conventional combustor or burner. Noncombustible liqui ...

308 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Figure 15-4. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. reclaims some of their energy content. These typ ...

Hazardous Waste 309 CC !t Level 3 J >I Control Monltoring Monitoring Monltoring Level 1 Level 2 fl Imperviouslayer Level 3 Li ...

310 ENVIRONMENTALENGZNEERING The effectiveness of each method is highly waste-specific, and tests must be conducted on a site-by ...

Hazardous Waste 3 11 In Minnesota, for example, the problem of household hazardous wastes are being handled in permanent, region ...

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Chapter 16 Radioactive Waste This chapter presents a background discussion of the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, ...

314 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING accompanied by emission of additional energy in the form of gamma radiation. As a result of these ...

Radioactive Waste 315 Table 16-1. Some Important Radionuclides Radionuclide Type of radiation Half-life Krypton-85 Strontium-90 ...

316 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING N = (5.47 x 1022)e-47*52 = (5.47 x 1022)(2.30 x = 126 atoms. (116 atoms)(l% @mole) 6.02 x lG3 atomd ...

Radioactive Waste 317 Barrel (Pb) ++ + ++++++++++ Source of radioactivity Charged fluorescent screen Figure 16-2. Controlled mea ...

318 ENVlRONMEN'IALENGINEERING Table 16-2. Properties of Ionizing Radiation Particle or photon (Wave) Mass (amu) Electric charge ...

Radioactive Waste 3 19 A becquerel (Bq) is the SI measure of source strength or total radioactivity, and is defined as one disin ...

320 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Table 16-3. Sample Quality Factors for Internal Radiation Type of radiation Quality factor Interna ...

Radioactive Waste 321 Table 16-4. Average Annual Dose Equivalent of Ionizing Radiation to a Member of the U.S. Populationa Sourc ...

322 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Table 16-5. Representative LET Values Kinetic energy Average LET Radiation (MeV) (keV/p,m) Dose eq ...

Radioactive Waste 323 Dose Figure 16-3. Linear-quadratic dose-response relationship. Chronic effects resulting from long-term ex ...