Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

MG Pitman. Ion transport into the xylem. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28:71–88, 1977. F Malek, DA Baker. Proton co-transport of sugar ...

SP Robinson, GP Jones. Accumulation of glycinebetaine in chloroplasts provides osmotic adjustment during salt stress. Aust J Pl ...

E Epstein, DW Rains, OE Elzam. Resolution of dual mechanisms of potassium absorption by barley roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 49 ...

45 Glycine Betaine Accumulation: Its Role in Stress Resistance in Crop Plants G. V. Subbarao*, Lanfang He Levine, and Gray W. St ...

within the same family, genus, and even species. For example, most members of Poaceae accumulate GB, but cultivated and wild ric ...

B. Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Microorganisms Glycine betaine is one of the most widespread osmotic solutes in microorganism ...

reproducibility. The extract is then partitioned against chloroform. The methanol-water phase containing betaines is collected f ...

weak cation resin exchanger. With a strong cation exchanger in combination with weak cation exchanger, betaines or beatines plus ...

cause trimethyl QACs yield TMA in addition to GB upon pyrolysis and the absolute yields of individual trimethyl QACs differ, the ...

The^13 C NMR method is not suitable for routine analysis of a large number of samples because of lack of sensitivity (a total fi ...

drogenase (BADH, EC 1.2.1.8) (Figure 2) [8]. Immunological studies suggest that the pathway is com- mon in angiosperms. Glycine ...

members of Chenopodiaceae [117,118], Amaranthaceae [119,120], and Gramineae [32,47]. In spinach leaves, the majority of the BADH ...

IV. PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycine betaine is widely perceived as a compatible solute accumulated in the cytoplasm to reduce ...

A. Intracellular Osmotic Adjustment Plants rely on inorganic solutes (such as K or Na in vacuoles) to maintain s when subjected ...

kg^1 , then GB accumulation is necessary only if vacuolar osmotic pressures rise above this level [156,157]. Also, the threshol ...

B. Protection Against Na Ions in Cytoplasm High intracellular concentrations of both Na and Cl can be deleterious to cellular sy ...

C. Protection of Chloroplasts and Photosystem II from Na Damage Glycine betaine is hypothesized to stabilize photosynthetic reac ...

D. Distribution of Glycine Betaine in the Plant Although GB synthesis is largely confined to chloroplasts, GB is readily translo ...

tration of GB in sugar beet can reach 5 to 10% that of sucrose and conceivably reduce sugar yields indi- rectly as the synthesis ...

VI. GENETICS OF GLYCINE BETAINE ACCUMULATION A. Genetic Control Analysis of the progeny from high-GB low-GB crosses suggests tha ...