Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE 101

Magnolia acuminataM. grandifloraM. virginiana

MagnoliaMagnoliaceae

Malus baccataM. coronariaM. floribundaM. ioensis

CrabappleRosaceae

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Dawn redwoodTaxodiaceae

Morus alba

MulberryMoraceae

Myrica pensylvanica

BayberryMyricaceae

Nyssa sylvatica

TupeloNyssaceae

Ostrya virginiana

IronwoodBetulaceae

DTDTDT DTDTDTDT DT

(conifer)

DT BES DT DT

Aug.–Sept.Aug.–Sept.Aug.–Sept.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Oct.–Nov.June–Aug. Oct.–winter Sept.–Nov.Aug.–Oct.

2 

years at1–5°C

2 

years at1–5

C and



11%

moisturecontent

1 

years at



10

to



20

C

10–15 years if

dewaxed, driedand stored at1–5

C in

sealedcontainers

1 

year dry at1–5

C

3

3–63–63–6^14 2–4^21 1–3 1–3 1–3 3–5

Collect when follicle opens

exposing the seeds.

Fresh seeds with fleshy pulp

provide best results.

Macerate to remove pulp.

Dried seeds lose viability.

Extract seeds from fruit by

maceration before treatingor sowing.

Collect seeds when cones

begin to open. Fresh seedsneed no treatment.

Harvest fruits as soon as

ripened to avoid birdremoval. Macerate toseparate pulp from seeds.Fresh seeds can be sownimmediately forreasonable germination.

Remove wax by rubbing

over a screen beforestratifying or sowing.

Pulp removal by maceration

is often recommended butnot necessary.

Collect fruits when pale

greenish brown and beforeseeds are naturallydispersed.

continues