cyclitols, 481
fructans, 480
polyois, 480
raffinose family oligosaccharides, 480–481
starch, 479–480
structural carbohydrates, 481
sucrose, 480
source leaves, 468–479
cyclitols, 478
fructans, 472–474
fructan structure, 472
synthesis in leaves, 472–474
polyols, 474–475
raffinose family oligosaccharides, 475–478
seven-carbon sugars, 478–479
starch, 468–469, 469
sucrose, 469–472
cytosolic FBPase activity, 470
SPS activity, 471
Carbon, 3, 35–56, 118–119, 327–336, 393–394,
407–420, 839–843, 931
nitrogen, interactions of, 393–394
Carbon dioxide, 35
elevated, leaf developmental programming,
118–119
entry in leaves, diffusive resistances, 327–336
CO/d2/D diffusion, leaf resistances to,
327–329
mesophyll resistance, 328–329
environmental stresses, leaf resistances,
photosynthesis, 332–334
g/dm/D, 333–334
g/ds/D, 332–333
photosynthesis, effect of leaf resistances on,
330–332
g/dm/D, 331–332
g/ds/D, 330–331
species-specific leaf resistances, 329–330
capacity for g/dm/D, 330
stomatal conductance, 329–330
rising, 35–56
climate warming, 42–43
light intensity, 44
limited soil water availability, 43
nitrogen nutrition, 44–45
plant/leaf developmental stage, 45–46
plant response to, 35–56
atmospheric CO/d2/D, rising,
environmental variables, 37–45
C/d3/D cycle, 36
C/d3/D species, 38–39
C/d4/D pathway, of CO/d2/D fixation,
36–37
climate warming and, 42–43
crassulacean acid metabolism, 36, 37
light intensity and, 44
limited soil water availability and, 43
nitrogen nutrition and, 44–45
phosphoenolpryuvate, 36
photosynthesis, pathways of, 36–37
plant/leaf developmental stage and, 45–46
rbcS transcript abundance, 39
C/d4/D species, 39–40
CAM species, 40–41
Carbon dioxide evolution, 3
Carbon disulfide, 931
Carbon export from source leaves, immediate,
407–420(^14) CO 2 feeding, 411–412
case studies, 413–417
in natural photosynthetic variants, 415–416
photosynthesis, 413–415
gas exchange, differential dry weight analysis,
408–409
GM detector counting efficiency, 412
isotopes of carbon, 409–410
mass isotope^13 C, 409
radioisotope^11 C, 409–410
radioisotope^14 C, 410
methodologies used to estimate, 408–410
open-flow gas analysis system, 410–411
steady-state^14 CO 2 feeding, 412–413
steady-state^14 CO 2 labeling, 410–412
Carbon isotope discrimination, transpiration
efficiency, 839–843
Carbon monoxide, 931
Carbonic anhydrase, 752
Carotene, 782
Carpinus betulus, 94
Carrot, 374, 927
sodium, 374
Carthamus tinctorius, 567, 572
Carya glabra, 94
Caryophyllaceae, 882
Castanea dentats, 95
Catabolism, 2, 4
Catananche caerula, 71
Catharanthus roseus, 71, 238, 250
CDna clones from orchids, 550
Cedrus atlantica, 95
Celeriac, 374
Celery, 29, 373, 374
Cell, 1, 192, 217–220, 229–264, 658–659
Cell biology of abscission, 217–220
cell wall breakdown, 218
hydrolases, cell wall, 219–220
mechanism of, 217–218
protein synthesis, 219
INDEX 947
[Carbohydrate synthesis] [Carbon dioxide]