Lead, toxicity, 767–768
Leaf, 45–46, 117–126, 186, 223, 823–825,
837–838
function, 824
loss, abscission, 223
movements, transpiration efficiency and,
837–838
photosynthetic rate, crop yield and, 823–825
Leaf conductance, senescense, 186
Leaf development, 45–46, 117–126
canopy leaf development, 120–123
carbohydrates, 117–118
CO/d2/D, elevated, 118–119
feedback inhibition, 118
individual leaf, development of, 123
programming, source strength, 117–126
rising CO/d2/D and, 45–46
Rubisco antisensemutants, 119–120
whole plant development, 120
Leaves.SeeLeaf
Lectins, protein induction, 662
Legerstroemia indica, 129
Legumes, 598, 600, 601. See also underspecific
type
Leguminoseae, 882
Lemna gibba, 504
Lemna minor, 572
Lens culinaris, 481
Lens esculenta, 641
Lentil, 641, 927
Lepochloa fusca, 619
Lettuce, 14, 22, 369, 374, 509, 645, 920, 927, 934
Leucine, 456
Levan-sucrase, 898
Lewisia cotyledon, 81
Leymus sabulosus, 883
Liatris, 81
Lichen, 8
Life cycle, seeds, 61
Life support, space travel, 925–937
bioregenerative systems, 925–927
crop improvements, 932
crop selection, 927
environmental management, 927–931
carbon dioxide, 930
light, 928–929
photoperiod, 929
photosynthetically active radiation, 928
spectral quality, 929
temperature, 931
volatile organic compounds, 931
horticultural considerations, 932
Mars, 936–937
mission constraints, 925–927
waste recycling with plants, 932–933
atmospheric regeneration, 935
spaceflight testing, 935–936
Light, 2, 44, 60–61, 165–166, 644–646, 812–814
gravity responses, volvox, 812–814
intensity, rising CO/d2/D and, 44
interactions, temperature and, 22
nitrogen absorption, 644–646
seeds, 60–61
dormancy, 165–166
Lighting, composite, controlled-environment plant
factories, 915–924
composite profiles, design of, 921–922
constant daily integrated PPF, 918–920
features, 915–918
greenhouse application, 920
growth chamber application, 920–921
hybrid solar, artificial lighting, 920
industry applications, 920–921
optical waveguide solar lighting system, 920
physiological bases, 918–920
types of, 917–918
Ligularia dentata, 82
Ligustrum amurense, 100
Lilac, 451, 452
Lilium longiflorum, 170
Lime, 147
Limonene, 931
Limonium sinuatum, 82
Limonium vulgare, 370
Linaria maroccana, 82
Lindera benzoin, 58, 100
Linum grandiflorum, 82
Lipid, 668, 781
synthesis inhibitors, 781
transfer proteins, 668
Liquidambar styraciflua, 100
Liriodendron tulipifera, 100
Lisianthus russellianus, 82
Lithodora diffusa, 82
Lithosphere, sodium concentration in, 364
Little Climatic Optimum, 30
Little Ice Age, 30
Lobelia erinus, 82
Lobularia maritima, 83
Lolium multiflorum, 647
Lolium perenne, 647, 918
Long-distance transport, 433–434, 452–458
mechanism of, 433–434
phloem, 452–458
Munch pressure flow mechanism,
453–454
protein, viral movement in phloem, 458
Lonicera maackii, 100
Lophopyrum elongatum, 874INDEX 957
[Life support, space travel]