Medical Microbiology

234 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Coagulase-NegativeStaphylococci(CNS)............. CNSareanelementinthenormalfloraofhumanskinandmu ...

StreptococcusandEnterococcus 235 knownamongpneumococci,andisincreasing.Laboratorydiagnosisinvolves pathogendetectionintheappropr ...

236 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Table4. 2 TheMostImportantHumanPathogenStreptococciandEnterococci Species Hemolysis Group antigen ...

StreptococcusandEnterococcus 237 Streptococcuspyogenes(AStreptococci)............. Morphologyandculturing.Gram-positivecocciwith ...

238 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Extracellulartoxinsandenzymes.Themostimportantinthecontextof pathogenicityare: &StreptolysinO ...

StreptococcusandEnterococcus 239 StreptococcuspyogenesInfections S. pyogenes (M protein, PSE, other pathogenicity factors) Host ...

240 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Epidemiologyandprophylaxis.Infectionfrequencyvariesaccordingtogeo- graphicalarea,season,andage.Hu ...

StreptococcusandEnterococcus 241 Diagnosis.Thelaboratorydiagnosisincludesdetectionofthepathogenin appropriatetestsamplesbymeanso ...

242 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens sistanceextendstocephalosporinsaswell.However,certaincephalosporins (e.g.,ceftriaxone)canbeusedag ...

StreptococcusandEnterococcus 243 S.mutans,S.sanguis,andS.mitisare,besidesActinomycesviscosusandA. naeslundii,responsiblefordenta ...

244 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens characterofthesepathogens.Recentlyobservedepidemicsonintensivecare wardsinvolvedstrainsthatwerere ...

Bacillus 245 Bacillusanthracis(Anthrax)........................... Occurrence.Anthraxoccursprimarilyinanimals,especiallyherbivor ...

246 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Clostridium........................................................ &Clostridiaare 3 – 8 lmlo ...

Clostridium 247 proteinases,DNases,lecithinases,andhyaluronidase,allofwhichdestroytis- suestructures,resultinginaccumulationsoft ...

248 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens &Gasgangrene(clostridialmyonecrosis).Anaggressiveinfectionofthe musculaturewithmyonecrosisand ...

Clostridium 249 Epidemiologyandprophylaxis.Tetanusisnowrareindevelopedcountries duetowidespreadvaccinationpracticewithincidencer ...

250 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens mustbeadministeredtoseverelyinjuredpersonswithinsufficientvaccina- tionprotectionorifthebasicimmu ...

Listeria,Erysipelothrix,andGardnerella 251 Clostridiumdifficile(PseudomembranousColitis)... C.difficileoccursinthefecalfloraof 1 ...

252 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens Erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae,thepathogenthatcausesthezoonosis swineerysipelas,isthecausativeorgani ...

Listeria,Erysipelothrix,andGardnerella 253 Clinicalcharacteristics.Listeriaeareclassicopportunists.Thecourseofmost infectionsisc ...