Medical Microbiology

Chimera:Asinglehostbearingcellsde-

rivedfromgeneticallydistinctindivi-

duals.

CLIP:Aproteinwhichblocksthebinding

grooveofMHCclassIIpriortoitsinclu-

sioninthephagolysosome(classII-in-

hibitingprotein).

CMI:Cell-mediatedimmunity.

Cobravenomfactor:Acomponentofco-

bravenomwhichexhibitsenzymatic

activitycorrespondingtotheactivity

ofmammalianC3b.

Combiningsite:Theconfigurationonan

antibodywhichformsalinkwithanti-

gendeterminants(ABS).

Complementsystem:Agroupofserum

proteinsthatareactivatedincascades;

usuallyviaantibodies,butinsome

casesdirectly byinfectiousagents.

Playsanimportantroleduringinflam-

mation, chemotaxis, cytolysis, and

phagocytosis.

ConA(concanavalinA):AT-cellmitogen.

Cryoglobulin: Antibodies in immune

complexesthatcanbeprecipitated

at 48 C.

CSF:Colony-stimulatingfactor(also:cere-

brospinalfluid).

CTL:CytotoxicCD8+Tcell.

CXCR: Receptorfor thosechemokines

whichcontain acysteine-x-cysteine

motif.

Cyclophosphamide: Atoxicsubstance

frequentlyusedtoinduceimmuno-

suppression.

CyclosporineA:Animmunosuppressant

usedforthepreventionofrejectionre-

actions.

Cytophilic:Exhibitinganaffinitytowards

cells(i.e.,bindstocells).

Cytostatic:Exhibitinganinhibitoryeffect

oncellproliferation.

Cytotoxic:Exhibitingadestructiveeffect

towardstargetcells.

DARC:Duffyantigenreceptorforchemo-

kines.

Dendriticcells:ProfessionalAPCsderived

fromthebonemarrow.Dendriticcells

aremobileandfunctiontotransport

antigenintolymphoidorgans.Inthe

skintheyareknownasLangerhans

cells,onthewaytothelymphnodes

veiledcells,andinthelymphnodesin-

terdigitatingcells.

Desensitization: Repeatedexposureto

smallamountsofanantigen,against

whichthe host showsan allergic

reaction;theaimbeingtodownregu-

lateIgEproductionandupregulateIgG

production.

DiGeorgesyndrome:Congenitalthymic

hypoplasia.

DNP:Dinitrophenol, afrequentlyused

smallhapten.

Domain:Apeptideregionwithastable

tertiarystructure. Immunoglobulins

(Ig),MHCclassI,andMHCclassIImol-

eculesallcontaincomparableIgdo-

mains.

DTH:Delayedtypehypersensitivity;Ade-

layedcellulartypeIVresponse.

EAE:Experimentalallergicencephalitis.

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assay.

ELISPOT:AmodifiedELISAmethodused

forthedetectionofspecificcellsecre-

tionproducts.

Endotoxins:Bacterialtoxins;largelycom-

prised by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

fromGram-negativebacteria.

Eotaxin:Achemokinewhichregulateseo-

sinophilmigration.

Epitope:Aspecialregionwithinananti-

gen,whichisrecognizedbyananti-

bodybindingsite.

Epstein-Barrvirus:Aherpesviruscapable

oftransforminghumanBcells,andfor

whichBcellspossessaspecialrecep-

tor(EBVR).Thecausativeagentofin-

fectiousmononucleosis(Pfeifferdis-

ease).

Exon:Aprotein-codinggenefragment.

Fab:Thepartoftheantibodymolecule

whichcontainstheantigen-binding

sitefollowingtreatmentwithpapain;

comprisesalightchainandthefirst

twodomainsoftheheavychain.

FACS:Fluorescence-activatedcellsorter.

Fc:AntibodiesusetheFcfragmenttobind

tocellularreceptors(FcR)andC1q

complementcomponents.

FcR:Fcreceptor.

140 2 BasicPrinciplesofImmunology

2

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme

All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.