Medical Microbiology

Table 1 2. 7 NervousSystem

Infection Mostimportantpathogens Laboratorydiagnosis

Meningitis

Viruses Enteroviruses

Herpessimplexvirus

Mumpsvirus

Isolationfromcerebrospinal

fluid,stool,pharyngeallavage;

serologyifherpesormumps

suspected

PCRfromcerebrospinalfluid

Togaviruses

Bunyaviruses

Arenaviruses

Intropicalvirosesvirusisolation

fromcerebrospinalfluidand

bloodandserologyinreference

laboratory

Lymphocytic

choriomeningitisvirus

Tickborneencephalitisvirus

(flavivirus)

Serologyinblood,incere-

brospinalfluidifnecessary

Bacteria Neisseriameningitidis

( 20 %)

Streptococcuspneumoniae

( 30 %)

Haemophilusinfluenzaeb

(Lessfrequentnowdueto

vaccinationinchildren)

Rare:

Enterobacteriaceae(senium)

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

Leptospirainterrogans

Listeriamonocytogenes

Microscopyandculturefrom

cerebrospinalfluid;

antigendetectionifrequired

(rapidtest)

Neonates:

E.coli

GroupBstreptococci

Fungi Cryptococcusneoformans

Candidaspp.

Coccidioidesimmitis

Microscopyandculturefrom

cerebrospinalfluid;antigende-

tection;serology

644 12 EtiologicalandLaboratoryDiagnosticSummariesinTabularForm

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme