Medical Microbiology

Table 1 2. 11 Bone,Joints,andMuscles

Infection Mostimportantpathogens Laboratorydiagnosis

Necrotizingfasciitis

Type 1

(syn.polymicrobial

gangrene)

Oftenaerobic/anaerobic

mixedflora:Clostridiumspp.,

Gram-positiveandGram-

negativeanaerobes,

Staphylococcusaureus,

Streptococcusbovis,

Enterobacteriaceae

Microscopyandculturefrom

woundsecretion.Transport

materialsinanaerobicsystem

Type 2

(syn.Streptococcal

necrotizingmyositis)

Streptococcuspyogenes Microscopyandculturefrom

woundsecretion

Trichinellosis(Muscle) Trichinellaspiralis Microscopicaldetectionin

musclebiopsy;serology

Cysticercosis(Muscle) Taeniasolium Serology(radiology)

Osteomyelitis/ostitis Staphylococcusaureus

Coagulase-negative

staphylococci

Streptococcusspp.

Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonasspp.

Gram-positiveandGram-

negativeanaerobes(rare)

Microscopyandculturefor

bacteria,preferablybasedon

biopsyorsurgicalmaterial.

Swabfromfistularductnot

usefulfordiagnosis

Septicarthritis Staphylococcusaureus

Streptococcuspyogenes

Streptococcuspneumoniae

Haemophilusinfluenzae

Neisseriagonorrhoeae

Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonasspp.

Microscopyandculturefrom

synovialfluidwithparallel

bloodculture

654 12 EtiologicalandLaboratoryDiagnosticSummariesinTabularForm

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme