K xlvi Encyclopedia of Islam
1938
¶ Death of Muhammad Iqbal, Indian intellectual
and poet.
1941
¶ Iran invaded by British and Russian forces, and
Reza Khan is forced to abdicate in favor of his
son Muhammad Reza Shah in Iran.
¶ Jamaat-i Islami founded in India by Abu al-Ala
Mawdudi.
1942–45
¶ Japanese occupy Indonesian territories and
Malay Peninsula.
1943
¶ Lebanon becomes independent from France.
1945
¶ End of World War II. Foundation of the Arab
League.
1946
¶ Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria obtain indepen-
dence from Britain and France.
1947
¶ Partition of India results in creation of Paki-
stan.
1948
¶ Establishment of the Jewish state of Israel; Arab-
Israeli war.
¶ Death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, first leader of
Pakistan.
1949
¶ Assassination of Hasan al-Banna, leader of the
Muslim Brotherhood.
¶ Indonesia becomes independent.1950
¶ Emirate of Jordan officially renamed the
Hashimite Kingdom of Jordan.1951
¶ Libya becomes independent.1953
¶ Egyptian Free Officers depose monarchy and
establish a republic.
¶ Mossadeq government in Iran overthrown in
coup sponsored by the United States and Brit-
ain.1954
¶ Beginning of Algerian war of liberation against
France.
¶ Jamal Abd al-Nasir becomes president of
Egypt.1956
¶ Morocco and Tunisia become independent of
France.
¶ Britain, France, and Israel precipitate Suez Cri-
sis by attacking Egypt to control the canal.1957
¶ Daawa Party of Iraq founded. Malay Federation
wins independence from British rule.1958
¶ Revolution in Iraq under Abd al-Karim Qasim
overthrows Hashemite monarchy and estab-
lishes the Republic of Iraq.1962
¶ Algeria becomes independent from France.
Muslim World League founded.