Basics of Environmental Science

44 / Basics of Environmental Science Aerosols are released into the air by volcanoes, as salt crystals formed when droplets of s ...

Earth Sciences / 45 climate, or ‘forces’ it into a (warmer) state than it would be otherwise. The actual average surface tempera ...

46 / Basics of Environmental Science atmospheric greenhouse effect is real and important, and the gases which cause it are justl ...

Earth Sciences / 47 Figure 2.13 Anticipated changes in concentration of three greenhouse gases ...

48 / Basics of Environmental Science of 2.5°C, and at the current rate of increase in greenhouse-gas concentrations these temper ...

Earth Sciences / 49 which temperatures are measured are higher above the sea than they used to be. In any case, ships’ thermomet ...

50 / Basics of Environmental Science Modelling on this scale requires massive computing power. Even when the fastest supercomput ...

Earth Sciences / 51 14. The evolution, composition, and structure of the atmosphere When the Earth first formed, it may have had ...

52 / Basics of Environmental Science The equation of state Boyle’s law relates the volume of a gas to its pressure (P=k 1 /V , w ...

Earth Sciences / 53 The lowest layer, the troposphere, extends from the surface to an upper boundary, the tropopause, the height ...

54 / Basics of Environmental Science thousands of ozone mol-ecules (Cl + O 3 → ClO + O 2 ; ClO + O → Cl + O 2 ) (HIDORE AND OLIV ...

Earth Sciences / 55 spring becomes autumn). Only at the spring and autumn equinoxes is the noonday Sun directly overhead at the ...

56 / Basics of Environmental Science (March to September) is five days longer than the winter (September to March), a situation ...

Earth Sciences / 57 On the surface of a rotating sphere, the speed at which any point moves depends on its latitude, because tha ...

58 / Basics of Environmental Science momentum. These tend to exaggerate the undulations, which become extreme (3). Finally (4), ...

Earth Sciences / 59 with mild high-pressure areas in high latitudes and cold low-pressure areas in lower latitudes blocking the ...

60 / Basics of Environmental Science Figure 2.20 Weather changes associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events ...

Earth Sciences / 61 Ordinarily, the South Equatorial Current, driven by the trade winds, carries surface water westward, away fr ...

62 / Basics of Environmental Science Figure 2.21 Ocean currents ...

Earth Sciences / 63 equatorial water flowing poleward passes the eastern coasts, warming them. It is possible to see from this h ...