Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

216 DESALINATION configuration is now coming back, having many improve- ments and makes use of a rigid plate with the membranes ...

DESALINATION 217 Ultrafiltration and microfiltration do not desalinate waters directly but are used for pretreatment of various ...

218 DESALINATION freezing operates, practically only at the freezing point of the final solution, and there can be no mul- tist ...

DESALINATION 219 MESH SPACER REVERSE OSMOSIS PERMEATE MEMBRANE CARRIER PERMEATE FEED WATER FEED WATER BRINE SEAL PRODUCT TUBE PE ...

220 DESALINATION process but also the proper operation of the plant and the pretreatment needs of the desalination process. Recl ...

DESALINATION 221 Large capacity plants usually produce, to some extent, cheaper water than small capacity plants. Energy is usua ...

222 DESALINATION Table of SI Units for Desalination Symbol Unit Area C m^2 Average efficiency k — Concentration C kg/m^3 Feed co ...

DESALINATION 223 Oil fired distillation plants require about 0.5 barrels of oil per m^3 produced fresh water with a performance ...

224 DISINFECTION INTRODUCTION Disinfection is a term which has for many years been used with different shades of meaning. It has ...

DISINFECTION 225 that pathogens likely to be associated with such equipment and with eating and drinking vessels will be killed. ...

226 DISINFECTION or, if natural logarithms are used:— N N (^0)
exp( ).kt These equations have led to the alternative and prefer ...

DISINFECTION 227 situation since all other factors are held constant. Often, it is the variation in response of the system to ch ...

228 DISINFECTION experimental conditions. In addition, they usually involve preliminary assumptions concerning the nature of the ...

DISINFECTION 229 the hypothesis that disinfectants in use shall be at least as efficient as 5% phenol, and that a dilution of tw ...

230 DISINFECTION the process has achieved its object. One difficulty with this approach is that of providing suitable growth con ...

DISINFECTION 231 Of importance, also, is the finding that these substances are sporicidal at elevated temperatures (Berry et al. ...

232 DISINFECTION and a decrease in activity at the cmc. However, in this system the activity again increases at higher soap conc ...

DISINFECTION 233 The types of chlorine compounds which are frequently used are (1) Hypochlorites. These are cheap and convenient ...

234 DISINFECTION group, and the other a water-attracting (hydrophilic or polar) group. Depending on the basis of the charge or a ...

DISINFECTION 235 same thermodynamic activity will have an equal bactericidal activity. Amphoteric compounds, as already stated, ...