PCBs AND ASSOCIATED AROMATICS 863
- Occupational PCB air concentrations derived
from heat transfer systems: - Heat transfer systems have much higher oper-
ating temperatures (average 180°C) and much
lower leakage rates (0.2 volumes/yr) than do
hydraulic systems. Therefore, less fluid will
be lost through leakage and a higher propor-
tion of leaked fluid is expected to volatilize
from heat transfer systems.
September 1, 1983: Report on “Carcinogenic Risk
Assessments of PCBs”; Health and Environmental Review
Division of Office of Toxic Substances; September 1, 1983:
document summarizes the results of four previous risk
assessments for cancer conducted by FDA, OTA, CAG/EPA,
and OTS.
October 1983: The Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances of EPA published “Regulatory Impact Analysis
of the Proposed Rule Regulating Inadvertent PCB Generation
from Uncontrolled Sources.”1984March 16, 1984: Chemical Manufactures Association wrote
to EPA to request further discussions regarding PCB spill
cleanup—“For several years, we have been concerned that
various EPA regions have applied different approaches to
determine the adequacy of PCB clean-up.” In particular, they
referred to a decision in which GE was required to clean up
“to the lowest level of concentration below 50 ppm which
is practically attainable through the use of normal cleanup
methods.”
August 22, 1984: Tests of new dioxin destruction pro-
cesses involving chemical, biological and vaporization meth-
ods were being developed at Times Beach, Missouri, starting
August 22, 1984. Dioxin had been found at more than 30
sites in the state, causing the EPA to relocate residents, in
contaminated areas. [Environment Reporter, September 14,
1984].1985May 23, 1984: Plant Engineering reported that GE claimed
that both aerobic and anaerobic naturally occurring bacteria
were degrading the PCBs in the Hudson river to less chlori-
nated, less toxic forms and that, in deeper sediment samples,
estimated to be about 25 years old, the process is about 75%
complete.1987September 1987: A PCB trial burn report for the USEPA
Combustion Research Facility liquid injection incinerator
system was published in September 1987. It describes a trial
burn of PCB laden oil and No. 2 fuel oil (about 40% A1260)
injected into the liquid incinerator. Destruction efficiencies
in excess of 99.99999% were achieved.1988July 22, 1988: EPA list of approved PCB disposal companies:
7 incinerators, 2 alternate thermal, 11 chemical, 4 physical
separation, 1 biological, 8 chemical waste landfills, 9 com-
panies with PCB disposal method applications.
Ballard, J.G. and S.H. Hawthorne; ‘Solvent
Decontamination of PCB Electrical Equipment’; Canadian
Electrical Association Engineering and Operating Division;
Part 1, 81-A-66 (1981).
Bryant, J.G.; open Monsanto letter; September 15, 1970.
Buser, H.R. and C. Rappe; ‘Formation of PCDFs from
the Pyrolysis of Individual PCB Isomers.’; Chemospherei,
8 , 157 (1979).
Dakin, T.W. and L. Mandelcorn; ‘A Status Report on
Chlorinated Diphenyls, Regarding Environmental Pollution’;
Proprietary report with strictly limited distribution; dated
December 27, 1971.
GE; open letter to electric utility customers from the
Electric Utility Sales Division; 1970.
GE; ‘The Use and Disposal of Electrical Insulating
Liquids. Report to the Electrical and Nuclear Sub-Council
of the National Industrial Pollution Control Council; revised
June 1971.
GE; Comments on notice of proposed rulemaking, Fed.
Reg., 37 (54), 5705, March 18, 1972; ‘The Role of PCBs in
Electrical Equipment’; Feb 4 , 1972.
Gossage, T.L.; Marketing Director, Specialty Products
Group, Monsanto; letter to Purchasing Agents indicating
discontinuance of direct sales of PCBs; February 28, 1972.
Gustafson, C.G.; Environ. Sci. Technol., 4 , 814 (1970).
Jensen, Soren: “Report of a New Chemical Hazard”;
New Scientist, 32 , 612 (1966).
Keiser D.P.; Westinghouse open letter to industry
Purchasing Executives re. PCB-in-oil contamination;
November 22, 1976.
Council on Environmental Quality; “Toxic Substances”;
Washington, D.C. (1971).
Meigs, J.W., J.J. Albom and B.L. Kartin; “Chloracne
from an unusual exposure to Aroclor.”; JAMA, 154 , 1417
(1954).
Monsanto PCB Bulletin; ‘Handling, Waste Control &
Disposal of PCBs’; July 1971.
Munson, T.O., H.D. Palmer and J.M. Forns; ‘Transport
of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Upper Chesapeake Bay’;
EPA-560/6-75-004 March 1976.
Olson, D.A; Monsanto letter; February 18, 1970.
Papageorge, W.B.; Monsanto letter; September 1, 1970.
Papageorge, W.B.; letter to A.M. Salazar of NEMA re.
PCB symposium information; January 4, 1972a.
Papageorge, W.B.; Letter to Monsanto PCB customers
re. confidentiality of sales lists; April 1972b.
Smyth, H.F.; “Toxicity of certain benzene derivatives and
related compounds”; J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 13 , 87 (1931).
Vos, J.G., J.H. Koeman, H.L. van der Mass, M.C. Ten
Noever de Braun and R.H. de Vos; ‘Identification and
Toxicological Evaluation of PCDDs and PCNs in Two
Commercial PCBs’; Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol., 8 , 625 (1970).C016_003_r03.indd 863C016_003_r03.indd 863 11/18/2005 1:12:26 PM11/18/2005 1:12:26 PM