NOTES 363- Amin Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab Eyes {New York: Schocken Books,
1984), pp. 38-40. - Ibid., p. 46.
- Quoted by Karen Armstrong in Holy ~r: The Crusades and Their Impact on
Today's World {New York: Anchor Books, 2001), pp. 178-179. - Ibid., p. 73.
- Ibid., p. 39.
- David Morgan, The Mongols {Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2007), p. 17.
- Ibid., pp. 64-71.
- Sabbah's sect resurrected itself as the Nizari Isma'ilis, gained new converts, and
rose again, but it morphed into a peaceful movement that is now one of the most pro-
gressive sects of Islam, devoted to science and education. Its leader is called the Agba
Khan, and the Isma'ilis run the Agba Khan University in Pakistan, one of the bright-
est centers of learning in today's Islamic world: everything changes. - An account of the sack ofBagbdad by Muslim historian Rashid al-Din Fazlul-
lah {1247-1318) appears in The Middle East and Islamic World Reader {New York:
Grove Press, 2003), p. 49. - The mamluk army was much bigger than Hulagu's, but the Mongol's terrible
success made them the Goliath in every confrontation. - Morgan, 146.
CHAPTER 10
- Morgan, pp. 16-18.
- See Akbar Ahmed's interesting discussion of these differences between the two
religions in Islam Today, pp. 21-22. - Muhammed ibn-al-Husayn al-Sulami, The Book of Sufi Chivalry: Lessons to a Son
of the Moment {New York: Inner Traditions International, 1983). These stories appear
in the forward, pp. 9-14. The gbazis apparently borrowed the story about Omar from
a traditional older story about a pre-Islamic king named Nu'man ibn Mundhir. - Alexandra Marks, writing for the Christian Science Monitor on November 25,
1997, said the Coleman Barks's translation ofRumi, The Essential Rumi {San Francisco:
HarperCollins, 1995), had sold at that point, a quarter of a million copies worldwide. - See Paul Wittek, The Rise of the Ottoman Empire {London: Royal Asiatic Society
of Great Britain and Ireland, 1965) pp. 33-51. - Details of Ottoman society come largely from Stanford Shaw's History of the Ot-
toman Empire and Modern Turkey {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976),
especially pp. 55-65, 113-138, and 150-161. - Zahirud-din Muhammad Babur, Babur-nama, translated by Annette S. Bev-
eridge, {1922; Lahor: Sang-e-Meel Publications, reprinted 1987), p. 121. - Waldemar Hansen, The Peacock Throne, The Drama of Mogul India (New York:
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1972) pp. 113-114, 493-494. - Marshall Hodgson, Rethinking World History {Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1993) p. 97.