Joseph Mazzini, On the Duties of Man. Included in its entirety in Franklin, Read-
ings in "Western Intellectual History (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press,
1978), p. 561.
Garry Wills discusses this idea in Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade
America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993). Shelby Foote {in a radio interview I
heard) quipped that "the Civil War made us from an are into an is."
Gelvin, p. 82.
Hamit Bozarslan, writing about the Ottoman Empire for the Online Encyclope-
dia of Mass Violence at http:/ /www.massviolence.org/_Bozarslan-Hamit, includes this
quote from Ziya Gokalp's Yeni Hayat, Dogru Yol
Quoted by Taner Akc;:am in Turk Ulusal Kimligi ve Ermeni Sorunu {Istanbul:
Iletisim Yayinlari, 1992), pp. 175-176.
CHAPTER 15
Suroosh Irfani, Revolutionary Islam in Iran: Popular Liberation or Religious Dicta-
torship {London: Zed Books, 1983), p. 50.
Article 22, Covenant of the League of Nations.
Gelvin, p. 86.
Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers (New York: Fred-
erick A. Praeger, 1955), pp. 244-265.
CHAPTER 16
See http://countrystudies.us/algerial48.htm. The statistics come from the Fed-
eral Research Division of the Library of Congress Country Studies/Area Handbook
Series sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army.
Frank Thackery and John Findling, Events That Changed the World in the Twen-
tieth Century {Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1995). {See Appendix D,
"States Achieving Independence Since 1945. ")
The phrase came from American Jewish playwright Israel Zangwill. What he ac-
tually wrote, however {in 1901), was "Palestine is a country without a people, the Jews
are a people without a country." Whether anyone actively used the phrase as a basis
for a "slogan" is a matter of dispute.
Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict,
1881-1999, {New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), pp. 14-17.
Theodor Herzl, The jewish State: An Attempt at a Modern Solution to the jewish
Question, 6th edition {New York: The Maccabean Publishing Company, 1904 ), p. 29.
Nizar Sakhnini, writing for al-Awda at http://al-awda.org/zionists2.html in-
cludes this quote from Weizmann's Trial and Error (New York: Harper and Brothers,
1949), pp. 93-208.
Qutb's Milestones can be found online in its entirety at http://www.young
muslimsonline.calonline_library/books/milestones/hold/index_2.asp.
