religion, rebellion, liberation relationship and,
2:567–568
rituals and,2: 575
Sankofa concept and,2: 587
Sankofafilm and,2:587–588
Kimpa Vita and,2: 568
Vodou and Haitian Revolution and,2: 568
women and,2: 569
Zambezi rebellions and,2: 569
Revivalism.SeePocomania
Rhodes, Cecil,1: 298
Rites of passage, 2:570–574
age groups and,1:16–17
of Baganda people in Uganda,1:89–90
of Baluba people,1: 98
to become an ancestor and,2: 570
birth,1:124–125,2:570–572
Bondo Society and,1:133–135,2: 686
Book of the Coming Forth by Day (The Book
of the Dead) and,1:137–138
circumcision and,2:571–572
clitorectomy as,1: 172
community focus and,2: 570
dance and song and,1: 194
death,2:573–574
Ekpo secret society and,1:235–236
Eunoto puberty ceremony and,2:546–547,2: 572
of Haya people,1: 308
JolaBukutinitiation ritual and,1:354–355
marriage,2:572–593
naming,2:439–440,2:570–572
puberty: initiation,2: 572
trees and,2: 670
of Zulu people,2: 745
See alsoAgricultural rites; Birth; Burial of the
dead; Ceremonies; Death; Ekpo secret
society; Eternal life; Family rites; Funeral;
Initiation; Marriage; Naming; Puberty;
Rituals;specific rite
Rites of Reclamation, 2:574–575
activities of,2: 574
African culture reclamation and,2: 574
Juneteenth celebrations and,2: 575
Kwanzaa and,2: 574
NakumbukaDay and,2: 575
Odunde and,2:574–575
physical and spiritual resistance to enslavement
and,2: 575
Vodun Rites of Reclamation after death and,
2: 575
Rituals, 2:575–579
Abasi and,1: 2
Akan God concept and,2: 576
ancestors and harmonious life and,1: 53
of Bamana people,1:100–101
bats and,1: 114
of Batwa people,1: 114
becoming an ancestor,2:578–579
birth and naming,2: 577
bloodthirst rituals and,1: 127
boats and,1:128–129
of Bondo Society,1:133–135,2: 686
Book of the Coming Forth by Day (The Book
of the Dead),1:137–138
bulls and,1:140–142
circumcision and,1:167–170
clitorectomy and,1:171–173
community focus of,2: 576
connecting communities to God and ancestors
by,2: 576
death, return to the spirit world,2: 578
desounen ritual of death and,1:196–197,
2:698–699
Dogon Dama Festival and,2: 576
Egungun spirit mask and,1:231–233
eldership,2:577–578
Epa Society and,1:241–242
of Ewe people,1: 251
of fertility,1:264–265
food offerings and,1:272–275
of hunting,1: 321
Ifa priesthood initiation process and,1: 86
initiation,2: 577
life cycle rituals and,2:577–579
Maat order, balance, reciprocity and,2:575,
2:576–577
marriage,2:577–578
Ohum festival and,2:483–486
of priestly purification,2: 539
resistance to enslavement and,2: 575
royalty rituals and,2: 579
seasonal rituals and,2:576–577
shawabits replacement of human sacrifice
and,1: 127
spit, spitting and,2:634–635
See alsoCeremonies; Dance and song;
Desounen(dessounin);Eternal life; Funeral;
Harvest; Initiation; Placenta; Rites of
passage; Umbilical cord;specific ritual
Rivail, Hippolyte,2:589,2: 591Index 851