Physical Chemistry Third Edition

142 3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy are included in Table A.8 of Appendix A. These values can be used to ...

3.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropies 143 Solution Using values from Table A.8, ∆S ◦ (2)(213.64JK−^1 mol−^ ...

144 3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy ∆S◦(373.15 K)− 172 .88JK−^1 mol−^1 +(− 13 .402JK−^1 mol−^1 )ln ( 373 ...

3.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropies 145 If a metastable crystal exists in which each molecule can occur w ...

146 3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy Exercise 3.22 Use Trouton’s rule to estimate∆vapHfor ethane from its ...

3.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropies 147 3.41 Find the value ofS◦mfor solid silver at 270.0 K from the fol ...

148 3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy A general procedure for the calculation of an entropy change in a clo ...

3.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropies 149 b.A sample of water is boiled at 100◦C and 1.00 atm. c.A sample o ...

150 3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy oxygen can have its four hydrogens move independently of the others, ...

4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems PRINCIPAL FACTS AND IDEAS The second law of thermodynamics provides the general criterion ...

152 4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems 4.1 Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium: The Gibbs and Helmholtz Ene ...

4.1 Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium: The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies 153 If our system is simple,dw−P(t ...

154 4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems IfTandPare constant, this equation becomes dGdU+PdV−TdS (TandPconstant) (4.1-16) The r ...

4.1 Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium: The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies 155 The Equilibrium State of a Clos ...

156 4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems Once a system has reached equilibrium, its state is independent of how that state was r ...

4.1 Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium: The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies 157 In the case of constant tempera ...

158 4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems PROBLEMS Section 4.1: Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium: The Gibbs ...

4.2 Fundamental Relations for Closed Simple Systems 159 Irreversible thermodynamicsornonequilibrium thermodynamicsis an extended ...

160 4 The Thermodynamics of Real Systems Equation (4.2-10) is one of a class of equations calledMaxwell relations. A common use ...

4.2 Fundamental Relations for Closed Simple Systems 161 Therefore ( ∂H ∂S ) P,n T (4.2-12) and ( ∂H ∂P ) S,n V (4.2-13) Using ...