On Food and Cooking

The flavors of caramelization. Heat transforms table sugar, a sweet, odorless, single kind of molecule, ...

the presence of water prolongs the period during which the syrup is cooked, gives these reactions more tim ...

several different notes, among them buttery and milky (from diacetyl), fruity (esters and lactones), flowery, ...

“Empty Calories” In one sense, sugars are highly nourishing. Pure sugars are pure energy. After fats and oils, ...

of this sugar intake comes not from candies and confections, but from soft drinks. Significant amounts of ...

the Latin calamus, meaning “reed.” The Greek kalamos meant “straw,” and the original Indo-European ...

majestic; her Face oblong, fair, but wrinkled; her Eyes small, yet black and pleasant; her Nose a little ...

into sugars by enzymes in the saliva. A few other foods, notably chocolate, cocoa, and licorice extract ...

of colas, root beers and other soft drinks, spirits, candies, and many prepared foods. In addition t ...

regulates blood glucose levels, and does so with the hormone insulin. Diabetes is a disease in which the ins ...

Sugars combine several useful qualities in one ingredient: energy, sweetness, substance, moisture binding, and the a ...

as digestible as the sugars. They therefore don’t raise blood sugar levels as quickly, and supply fewer ca ...

Maltose 110 Glucose 100 Potatoes 95 White rice 95 Honey 90 Table sugar 90 Banana 60 Fruit preserves 55 Fructose 20 Some ...

on blood sugar. The intensive sweeteners, with sweetnesses greater than 100, provide taste with reduced calo ...

Ingredient Trehalose Relative Sweetness 50 Original Source Honey, mushrooms, yeasts Date of Commercialization 2000s ...

Date of Commercialization 1980s Notable Qualities Less prone than sugar to crystallize or absorb moisture Ingred ...

Notable Qualities Cooling Ingredient Maltitol Relative Sweetness 90 Original Source Maltose, modified Date of Commerci ...

Original Source Sugar cane & beet Date of Commercialization Traditional Notable Qualities Ingredient High-fru ...

Qualities Europe Ingredient Glycyrrhizin Relative Sweetness 5,000–10,000 Original Source Licorice root Date of Commerc ...

Ingredient Saccharin Relative Sweetness 30,000 Original Source Synthetic Date of Commercialization 1880s Notable Quali ...