On Food and Cooking

biological catalysts: that is, they increase the rate of specific chemical reactions that otherwise wou ...

With a few exceptions — the tenderizing of meat by its own internal enzymes, the firming of some vegetable ...

enzyme digests the gelatin molecules and liquifies the jelly. But canned pineapple has been he ...

for example — can be maximized by slow, gradual heating to denaturing temperatures. ...

Appendix A Chemistry Primer Atoms, Molecules, Energy Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds Atoms and Molecules Elec ...

Suspensions, Emulsions, Gels, Foams Cooking is applied chemistry, and the basic concepts of chemistry ...

foods and everything else, are built from these primary particles. The modern scientific view of matter’s invis ...

electrons. Hydrogen atoms contain one proton and one electron; oxygen carries 8 of each, and iron 26. When two ...

charges attract each other; similar electrical charges repel each other. In each atom, protons in the c ...

Electrical Imbalance, Reactions, and Oxidation The electrons in atoms are arranged around the nucleus in orbits tha ...

involved. An atom of carbon. Carbon has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus, and ...

breaking the original large fat molecules into small, strong-smelling fragments. Antioxidant substances — for exa ...

another, so great is the difference between their electron hungers. Chemical compounds held togethe ...

particular sodium atom bonded to a particular chlorine atom. In water, salt dissolves into separate po ...

roughly similar affinities for electrons, they will share them rather than gain or lose them entir ...

are generally strong and stable at room temperature: that is, they’re not broken in significant numbers unless subj ...

for electrons than the two hydrogen atoms, and so the shared electrons are held closer to the oxygen t ...

the chemical interactions in plant and animal cells occur via hydrogen bonds. Very Weak Bonds Between ...

more other molecules than a small water molecule can. Energy Energy Causes Change The paragraphs directly ...

more energy available to an object, the more likely that object is to be changed, or to change its surround ...