Encyclopedia of Diets - A Guide to Health and Nutrition

exercise strengthens the cardiovascular system and lungs. AETIOLOGY.This refers to the cause of a disease. AFTER-BURN.The increa ...

ANAPHYLAXIS (ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK).A severe and potentially fatal systemic allergic reaction charac- terized by itching, hives, fa ...

need to in the modern world because of a strong associa- tion between food flavors and calories. ASTHMA.A respiratory disorder m ...

B-GROUP VITAMINS.Group of eight water-soluble vitamins that are often present as a single, vitamin complex in many natural sourc ...

BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETO ACID DEHYDRO- GENASE (BCKD).The chemical name of the enzyme that is missing or partially inactivated i ...

from the nerves that pass through the spinal cord, as well as other nerves such as those from sensory organs involved in sight a ...

COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES.Starches; polysacchar- ides that are made up of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides or single sugar u ...

DEXFENFLURAMINE.An anorectic drug formerly marketed under the brand name Redux. DHA.A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found pri- m ...

DIVERTICULOSIS.A condition in which pouch-like bulges or pockets (diverticula) develop along the digestive tract. Normally, thes ...

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES.These studies look at factors affecting the health and illness of populations. EPIDEMIOLOGIST.A scientis ...

remainder is protein, fat, undigested roughage, dried digestive juices, dead cells, and bacteria. FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD.A group o ...

FUNCTIONAL DEFICIENCY.The depleted state of a particular nutrient that precipitates compromised function within the brain or bod ...

GLUCOSE.A simple sugar that results from the breakdown of carbohydrates. Glucose circulates in the blood and is the main source ...

but acts to slow the replication of the virus and dis- courage new mutations. HAART has a number of side effects that complicate ...

hormone. One of the functions of thyroid hormone is to regulate metabolic rate. I IDEAL WEIGHT.Weight corresponding to the low- ...

J JAUNDICE.A condition in which bilirubin, a waste product caused by the normal breakdown or red blood cells, builds up in the b ...

L-CYSTEINE.A sulfur-containing amino acid pro- duced by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of proteins. Supplements are used as antiox ...

MALTOSE.A disaccharide known as malt sugar. MEGACOLON.A condition in which the colon becomes stretched far beyond its usual size ...

MUCOSA.Lining of the digestive tract. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa con- tains glands that produce juic ...

and other organs, and by the adrenal gland into the bloodstream as part of the fight-or-flight response. NORMOTENSIVES.Individua ...