SURVEY RESEARCH
- For additional discussion of nonresponse and refusal
rates, see Backstrom and Hursh-Cesar (1981:140–141,
274–275), DeMaio (1980), Frey (1983:38–41), Groves
and Couper (1998), Groves and Kahn (1979:218–223),
Martin (1985:701–706), Nederhof (1986), Oksenberg
et al. (1986), Schuman and Presser (1981:331–336),
Sigelman (1982), Stech (1981), Sudman and Bradburn
(1983), and Yu and Cooper (1983). For a discussion of
methods for calculating response rates, see Bailey
(1987:169), Dillman (1978:49–51), Fowler (1984:46–52),
and Frey (1983:38).
- Link and Oldendick (1999) examined telephone
screening.
- See Pottick and Lerman (1991) for a discussion of
the study.
- Introductions and incentives are discussed in Brehm
(1994), Couper (1997), De Leeuw et al. (2007), Gold-
stein and Jennings (2002), Singer (1999), Singer et al.
(1998), Singer et al. (1999), Singer et al. (2000), and
Trussell and Lavrakas (2004). Dillman et al. (1996) dis-
cuss mandatory appeals.
- Tailoring is discussed in Brehm (1994), Groves and
Couper (1996, 1998, 2004), and Groves, Presser, and
Dipko (2004).
- On increasing mail questionnaire return rates, see
Bailey (1987:153–168), Church (1993), Dillman (1978,
1983), Fox et al. (1988), Goyder (1982), Heberlein and
Baumgartner (1978, 1981), Hubbard and Little (1988),
Jones (1979), and Willimack et al. (1995).
- CATI is discussed in Bailey (1987:201–202), Brad-
burn and Sudman (1988:100–101), Freeman and Shanks
(1983), Frey (1983:24–25, 143–149), Groves and Kahn
(1979:226), Groves and Mathiowetz (1984), and Kar-
weit and Meyers (1983).
- See Tourangeau et al. (2002), Tourangeau
(2004a:791–792), and Weisberg (2005:30–37).
- On cell phone survey interviewing issues, see Brick
et al. (2007), Lavrakas et al. (2007), and Link et al.
(2007).
- For comparison of surveys, see Backstrom and
Hursh-Cesar (1981:16–23), Bradburn and Sudman
(1988:94–110), Dillman (1978:39–78), Fowler (1984:
61–73), and Frey (1983:27–55).
- For discussions of Web and e-mail surveys, see Birn-
haum (2004), Couper (2000), Couper (2008), Couper et al.
(2001), Fox and associates (2003), Koch and Emrey
(2001), and Tourangeau (2004a:792–794). On Internet
usage see “Internet Use Triples in Decade, U.S. Census
Bureau Reports,” June 3, 2009 [http://www.census.gov/
Press-Release/www/releases/archives/communication_
industries/013849.html] and “Broadband Internet to
Reach 77 Percent of Households by 2012,” TMC
net, July 29, 2008 [http://www.tmcnet.com/voip/ip-
communications/articles/35393-gartner-broadband-
internet-reach-77-percent-households-2012.htm].
- See Couper, Conrad, and Tourangeau (2007),
Couper (2008), Dillman (2000:376–400), and Smyth
et al. (2009).
- Elite interviewing is discussed in Dexter (1970).
Also see Galaskiewicz (1987), Useem (1984), Verba and
Orren (1985), and Zuckerman (1972).
- On time budget surveys, see Andorka (1987),
Bittman and Wajcman (2000), ERIC (1976), Hornsby-
Smith (1974), Jordan and Layzell (1992), Mattingly and
Bianchi (2003), Meyer (1998), Milem et al. (2000), and
Wiedmer (1993) for faculty hours.
- Dillman (1983) and Groves and Kahn (1979:
188–212) discuss costs.
- See Maynard et al. (2002), Schwartz (1996), and
Weisberg (2005:72–91).
- For more on interviewing, see Brenner et al. (1985),
Cannell and Kahn (1968), Converse and Schuman
(1974), Dijkstra and van der Zouwen (1982), Foddy
(1993), Gorden (1980), Hyman (1975), Moser and
Kalton (1972:270–302), and Survey Research Center
(1976). For a discussion of telephone interviewing, see
Frey (1983), Groves and Mathiowetz (1984), Jordan et al.
(1980), and Tucker (1983).
- See Turner and Martin (1984:262–269, 282).
- From Moser and Kalton (1972:273).
- The use of probes is discussed in Backstrom and
Hursh-Cesar (1981:266–273), Foddy (1995), Gorden
(1980:368–390), Hyman (1975:236–241), Schober and
Conrad (1997), and Smith (1989).
- On interviewer training, see Backstrom and Hursh-
Cesar (1981:237–307), Billiet and Loosveldt (1988),
Bradburn and Sudman (1980), Oksenberg et al. (1986),
Singer and Kohnke-Aguirre (1979), and Tucker (1983).
Olson and Peytchev (2007) found negative effects from
more interviewer experience, suggesting interviewers
become sloppy or rush as they gain more experience.
- See Leal and Hess (1999).
- See Bradburn and Sudman (1980), Pollner and
Adams (1997), and Zane and Matsoukas (1979).
- See Anderson et al. (1988), Bradburn (1983), Cata-
nia et al. (1996), Cotter et al. (1982), Finkel et al. (1991),
Gorden (1980:168–172), Kane and MacAulay (1993),
Reese et al. (1986), Schaeffer (1980), Schuman and Con-
verse (1971), and Weeks and Moore (1981). Davis
(1997) found that when African Americans are inter-
viewed by Whites, they put “self-imposed limits on free
expression” and are less likely to say that Whites keep
