political science

participants can be helped to exit misleading ‘‘boxes’’ and ‘‘frames’’ distorting their perceptions of the world. A lot is known ...

is foresight, the ability to foresee alternative futures and the likely consequences of different interventions with historical ...

characterized by many discontinuities and reality-mutating events, making the future in part inconceivable. The conclusion is th ...

The vast difficulties of doing so are brought out by ‘‘if–then’’ historical specula- tions, nowadays called ‘‘virtual history’’ ...

to considering ‘‘worst-case’’ nightmares and their shortcomings. Some countries have prepared realistic visions. All of these pr ...

purposeful and are more or less in line with what is aimed at by partly free choice. Much of the growing impact of human action ...

6. Implementing capacities adequate to translating the grand policies into effective action and applying the resources effective ...

1.10 Fuzzy Gambling Sophistication All that has been said leads to the conclusion that grand policies are in their very nature ‘ ...

The nature of choice by rulers as fuzzy gambling was well recognized by Machia- velli in putting the relations between ‘‘fortune ...

but crises also take the form of natural disasters, economic meltdowns, social unrests, and more. In major crises rulers usually ...

to assure holistic governance and to achieve themselves an overall systems perspec- tive of main grand policies as an interactiv ...

comprehensible without falsification of its essence (Slobodkin 1992 ). Thus, in the Kyoto Agreement the core issue is readiness ...

. Outlook must never to be put into a singular form, with at least optimistic and pessimistic outlooks being a must, and further ...

suggest a dominant paradigm, such as an economic or ‘‘rational’’ one, it is a very narrow and largely misleading one when applie ...

discussions, individual and group exercises, and projects, is essential. Guided reading on one hand and individual tutoring and ...

CIA 2004 .Mapping the Global Future. Washington, DC: National Intelligence Council. December. Available at: http://www.cia.gov/N ...

Levi,I. 1986 .Hard Choices: Decision Making under Unresolved Conflict. Cambridge: Cam bridge University Press. Lord,C. 2003 .The ...

Schön,D.A. 1983 .The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic Books. 1987 .Educating the Refl ...

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