18 ‘Empowerment simply means awareness of self as a guide to action’, a definition fur-
nished by Kent Gerecke and Barton Reid (1991) in their ‘Planning Power and Ethics’
as coming out of the environmental, libertarian theology and feminist movements.
19 Critics of the oil shortage prediction mostly neglected to note that in terms of the
known and proven oil reserves in the 1960s the Meadows prognosis was deserved.
Much of that quantum of then known reserves has since been accessed.
20 The Limits to Growthscenario was less attentive to the effects of toxins, CFC disposal,
carbon dioxide excesses, and now (2002) the vast Asian smog cloud.
21 Not to be forgotten were the vast landscape changes in the New World, the Levant
and, in telling microcosm, on that most isolated Oceanic outpost Easter Island – refer
to chapter 6.
22 A ten-point ‘birth limitation’ policy set, starting out with moral strictures approved in
some parts of the Anglo settler society hegemony, then trending regressively, includes:
(1) social approval of later marriages, (2) societal endorsement of singleness, (3) gender
equality in the workplace, (4) societal condemnation of births outside marriage,
(5) access to cheap and effective contraception, (6) access to free abortion services,
(7) reduction of larger-family tax concessions, (8) increasing social service charges to
larger families, (9) reduced housing provisioning for large families; (10) compulsory
fertility control.
23 There is more than a righteous feel-good factor behind the involvement of oil compa-
nies in solar gain and storage technology, and car manufacturers’ development of
hybrid and hydrogen powered vehicles. They are involved for the longer haul, when
over the passage of time these will become the ‘in’ technologies, simply because they
will become profit-making.
24 The bleeding of CFCs from old refrigerators in the OECD with historical success is
now a serious issue to address on a potentially larger scale in the world’s four most
populous nations – China, India, Pakistan and Indonesia.
25 Expressed colloquially as: ‘those who do not heed the lessons of history are condemned
to repeat them!’
26 Of course, the 70 per cent of the global population which is of the Third World are not
the gross per capital consumers of resources and discarders of waste. The future envi-
ronmental prospects are relatively better over the longer haul for the Third World
context than is the situation with the wealthy nations.
27 There will of course be an eventual US policy reversal or policy alignment to the
Kyoto protocol; but by that date – 2005 for renegotiation, 2008 more likely if Bush Jr.
serves two Presidential terms – the degree of climate change consequent to greenhouse
effects will become a legacy of permanent damage beyond the influence of mere policy
adjustment.
28 A parody on the old saw about ‘having one’s cake and also getting to eat it’.
Chapter 4 Growth Pattern Management
1 These ‘ecological-economic’ components (see Robert Costanza’s Ecological Economics
1991; also Edwards-Jones et al. 2000) are identifiable within the ‘regional’ sector of the
Matrix (ch. 3).
2 ‘Regional income is determined by four types of spending–consumption spending,
investment spending, government spending, [and input expenditure on] exports – that
actually result in local income’, which clearly includes informal sector gains (includ-Notes to pp. 88–118 287