Kant: A Biography

482 Notes to Pages 262-267

50. Kant, "What Is Orientation in Thinking?" in Critique of Practical Reason and Other
    Writings, tr. Beck, p. 298. He makes the same point, though not as clearly, in the
    Prolegomena, p. no.


51. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. 114 (Ak 4, p. 365).


52. Ralph C. S. Walker, Kant (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978), p. vii.


53. Barry Stroud, "Kant and Skepticism," in The Skeptical Tradition (Berkeley: Uni¬
    versity of California Press, 1983), pp. 413-434, p. 415. See also Stroud's The Sig¬
    nificance of Philosophical Scepticism (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1984), espe¬
    cially pp. 128-169.


54. Stroud, "Kant and Skepticism," p. 419. Stroud has a narrow view of skepticism
    as a form of "skeptical idealism." Accordingly, Kant's antiskepticism is really a
    form of anti-idealism (which creates further problems for Stroud's view).


55. Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton Univer¬
    sity Press, 1979), p. 6.


56. Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, p. 114. For him, "[sjkepticism and the
    principal genre of modern philosophy have a symbiotic relationship. They live one
    another's life."


57. P. E Strawson, in his Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties (London: Methuen,
    1985) seems to want to make a more fundamental distinction between the Humean
    and the Kantian projects than does Rorty.


58. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. 22 (Ak 4, p. 275).


59. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, pp. 6, 9 (Ak 4, pp. 259, 261).


60. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. 8 (Ak 4, p. 260).


61. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. 10 (Ak4, p. 262).


62. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, pp. io8f. (Ak 4, p. 360).


63. W H. Walsh, Kant's Criticism of Metaphysics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
    I97S), PP- if-


64. The copy was "defective" because there is so much he does not seem to know. But
    that could also be explained by the fact that he got his information about it second¬
    hand, i.e., from Hamann, Green, or Kraus (or perhaps from all three of them).


65. Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. i22n (Ak 4, p. 373).


66. See Kant, Prolegomena, ed. Beck, p. 11 (Ak 4, p. 263). Beck's Introduction to the
    Prolegomena still is among the best that has been written on this work (see p. xix).


67. The German title of Part I of the anonymous work reads Versuch einer Anleitung
    zur Sittenlehre für alle Menschen ohne Unterschied der Religionen nebst einem Anhange
    von der Todesstrafe (Berlin, 1783). Part II appeared in the same year, Part III in
    1790. Kant's review appeared in the Räsonierendes Bücherverzeichnis, issue 7
    (Königsberg, 1783). See Ak 8, pp. 10-14. See also Immanuel Kant, Practical Phi¬
    losophy, tr. and ed. Mary J. Gregor, general introduction by Allen Wood (New
    York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 7-10.


68. He wrote a great number of books on religious matters between 1783 and 1788.
    He was called "ponytail Schulz" because he argued for the abolition of the wigs
    of pastors and preachers (for health reasons). He preached wearing a ponytail.


69. Kant, Practical Philosophy, p. 8 (Ak 8, p. n).


70. I quote after Ritter, Frederick the Great, p. 54.


71. Kant, Practical Philosophy, p. 9 (Ak 8, p. 13).