Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition

to radically different results. A different problem occurs when an instance is encountered that the rules fail to classify at al ...

yes,then it must be in class no—a form of closed world assumption. If this is the case, then rules cannot conflict and there is ...

If windy = false and play =no then outlook =sunny and humidity =high This is notjust a shorthand expression for the two separate ...

If petal length ≥ 2.45 and petal length <4.45 then Iris versicolor If petal length ≥2.45 and petal length <4.95 and petal ...

(lines 6 and 8). The final exception is the one on lines 11 and 12, which over- rides the Iris virginicaconclusion on line 10 wh ...

ically, the exception-based rules can very simply be rewritten in terms of regular if...then...elseclauses. What is gained by th ...

mation the learning algorithm will be given is the width, height,and number of sidesof each block. The training data is shown in ...

Standard relations include equality (and inequality) for nominal attributes and less than and greater than for numeric ones. Alt ...

76 CHAPTER 3| OUTPUT: KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 3.7 Trees for numeric prediction The kind of decision trees and rules that we hav ...

64.6 (24/19.2%) CHMIN ≤ 7.5 > 7.5 MMAX ≤ 8.5 (8.5,28] MMAX > 28 19.3 (28/8.7%) ≤ 2500 29.8 (37/8.18%) (2500, 4250] CACH &g ...

unknown to existing ones whose class is known. Instead of trying to create rules, work directly from the examples themselves. Th ...

few exemplars are needed inside stable regions. For example, you might expect the required density of exemplars that lie well in ...

different decision boundaries from the straightforward nearest-neighbor rule, as can be seen by superimposing the polygon in Fig ...

3.9 Clusters When clusters rather than a classifier is learned, the output takes the form of a diagram that shows how the instan ...

higher levels. Diagrams such as this are called dendrograms.This term means just the same thing as tree diagrams(the Greek word ...

Now that we’ve seen how the inputs and outputs can be represented, it’s time to look at the learning algorithms themselves. This ...

contribute independently and equally to the final outcome. A third might have a simple logical structure, involving just a few a ...

To see the 1R method at work, consider the weather data of Table 1.2 (we will encounter it many times again when looking at how ...

We noted at the outset that the game for the weather data is unspecified. Oddly enough, it is apparently played when it is overc ...

described overfitting-avoidance bias in Chapter 1 (page 35), and we will encounter this problem repeatedly in subsequent chapter ...