698
INDEX
Flaccid paralysis, 244
Flatus, 473
Flocculonodular lobe, 257
Flow-limited, 548, 601
Fluent aphasias, 297
Fluoxetine, 137
Fluxes, 96
fMRI.
See
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging
Focal adhesion, 38
Focal adhesion complexes, 37
Focal seizures.
See
Partial seizures
Foliate papillae, 223
Follicles, 302
Follicle-stimulating hormone, 279, 377
Follicular phase, 412
Follistatins, 409
Foot plate, 203
Force generations, smooth muscle, 112
Forced vital capacity, 593
Forms of memory, 290
Fourth sound, 512
Fovea centralis, 182
Frank–Starling law, 515
FRC, 595
Free fatty acid metabolism, 27
Free fatty acids, 323
Free radical, 64
Frontal eye fields, 184
FSH.
See
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Functional hypoglycemia, 333
Functional magnetic resonance imaging, 576
Functional residual capacity, 595
Functional transmission, 115–128
Functions of renal nerves, 644
Fungiform papillae, 223
Fusion, 198
FVC.
See
Forced vital capacity
G
G-CSF.
See
Granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor
G protein-coupled receptors, 54
G proteins, 50, 53–54
GABA, 141
GABA neurons, 238
GABA receptors, 141–142
GABA-T.
See
GABA transaminase
GABA transaminase, 141
GAD.
See
Glutamate decarboxylase
Galactosemia, 23
Gametogenesis, 392, 402–406
Gamma loop, 247
Gamma-motor neuron discharge
control of, 161
effects of, 160–161
Gamma-motor neurons, 158
Gamma oscillation, 234
Gamma rhythm, 233–234
Ganglion cells, 182
Gap junctions, 38, 39–40
GAPs.
See
GTPase activating proteins
Gas exchange in lungs, 600–602
composition of alveolar air, 601
diffusion across alveolocapillary membrane,
601–602
sampling alveolar air, 600–601
Gas, intestinal, 473
Gas transport in lung, 609–624
Gases, 145
properties of, 588
Gastric emptying, 473
Gastric motility, 473
Gastric pit, 432
Gastric secretion, 431
Gastrin, 443
Gastrocolic reflex, 477
Gastroileal reflex, 475
Gastrointestinal circulation, 449
Gastrointestinal hormones, 443
Gastrointestinal motility, 469–478
aerophagia, 473
colon, 475–478
defecation, 476–478
electrical activity, 470
esophagus, 471
gastric emptying, 473
gastric motility, 473
intestinal gas, 473
intestinal motility, 475
lower esophageal sphincter, 471–473
mastication, 471
migrating motor complex, 470–471
mixing, 470
motility of colon, 475–476
motility patterns, 469–471
mouth, 471
peristalsis, 469–470
regulation, 470
segment-specific motility patterns, 471–473
segmentation, 470
small intestines, 475–476
stomach, 473–475
swallowing, 471
transit time in colon, 476
vomiting, 473–475
Gastrointestinal system, 429–450
anatomic considerations, 431–432, 435
bile, 438–440
biliary secretion, 436–438
cholecystokinin, 443–446
circulation, 449
composition of pancreatic juice, 435–436
electrolyte transport, 440–442
enteric nervous system, 448
enteroendocrine cells, 443
extrinsic innervation, 448–449
gastric secretion, 431
gastrin, 443
gastrointestinal peptides, 448–449
gastrointestinal regulation, 442–443
gastrointestinal secretions, 431–442
ghrelin, 448
GIP, 446
hormones/paracrines, 443–448
intestinal fluid, 440–442
motilin, 447
origin, 432–435
pancreatic secretion, 435
peptide YY, 448
regulation, 432–435
regulation of secretion of pancreatic juice, 436
salivary secretion, 431
secretin, 446
somatostatin, 447–448
structural considerations, 430–431
VIP, 447
Gate-control hypothesis, 177
Gated, 45
GBG. See Gonadal steroid-binding globulin
GD-NF. See Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic
factor
GEFs. See Guanine exchange factors
Gene, 11Gene activation, 540–541
Gene mutations, 11
Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures, 233
Generation of action potential in postsynaptic
neuron, 121
Generator, 83
Generator potential, 151
Genetic male, 392
Geniculocalcarine tract, 184
Genome, 11
Genotype, 529
Gephyrin, 130
Germinal, 671
Germinal angiotensin-converting enzyme, 404
Gestagens, 419
GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate
Ghrelin, 384, 448
Gibbs–Donnan equation, 7
GIH. See Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
GIP, 446
Glaucoma, 182
angle-closure, 182
open-angle, 182
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, 91
Glial cells, 79–80
Glicentin, 328
Glicentin-related polypeptide, 328
Globin, 523
Globose nuclei, 254
Globular actin, 36
Globulin, 530
Globus pallidus, 249–250
Glomerular filtration, 639, 645–647
changes in, 647
control of, 646
filtration fraction, 647
hydrostatic pressure, 647
measuring, 645
normal, 646
osmotic pressure, 647
permeability, 646
size of capillary bed, 646
substances used to measure, 645
Glomerular filtration rate, 645
Glomeruli, 256
Glomerulotubular balance, 652
Glomus, 628
Glottis, 594
GLP-1, 328
GLPs.
See
Glucagon-like polypeptides
Glucagon, 315, 328–330, 448
action, 329
chemistry, 328–329
insulin-glucagon molar ratios, 330
metabolism, 329
regulation of secretion, 329–330
Glucagon-like polypeptides 1 and 2, 328
Glucocorticoid, 250
Glucocorticoid binding, 346–347
Glucocorticoid feedback, 354
Glucocorticoid receptors, relation of
mineralocorticoid to, 355
Glucocorticoid-regulated kinase, 355
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, 356
Glucocorticoid secretion, 351–354
adrenal responsiveness, 352
chemistry ACTH, 352
circadian rhythm, 352–353
effect of ACTH on adrenal, 352
glucocorticoid feedback, 354
response to stress, 353–354
role of ACTH, 351–352