Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

INDEX 705

Neuroleptic drugs, 252
Neurological exam, 155
Neuromodulators, 129–148
Neuromuscular junction, 115, 123
Neurons, 79–92
trophic support, 89–90
Neuropathic pain, 168
Neuropeptides, 130
Neuropeptide Y, 145
Neurophysin, 277
Neurosecretion, 277
Neurosteroids, 146
Neurotransmitters, 129–148
Neurotrophins, 89–91, 250
actions, 90–91
neuronal growth, 91
receptors, 90
trophic support of neurons, 89–90
Neutral fat, 24
Neutrophils, 63, 523
Newborn, hemolytic disease, 530
New brain cells, 293
NGF. See Nerve growth factor
Nicotinic actions, 135
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, 126
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors, 135
NIDDM. See Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus
Night terrors, 237
Nigrostriatal system, 140
Nitric oxide, 112, 563–564
NK cells. See Natural killer cells
NMDA receptors, 141
N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 137
NO synthase, 405
Nociception, 168
Nociceptive stimuli, 164
Nociceptors, 150, 167–168
Nocturia, 660
Nocturnal enuresis, 237
Nodes of Ranvier, 82
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 334
Non-REM sleep, 234
Nonassociative learning, 290
Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic innervation,
590
Nonclathrin/noncaveolae endocytosis, 43
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, 571
Nonconstitutive pathway, 43
Nonconvulsive, 233
Nondeclarative memory, 290
Nonessential amino acids, 15
Nonfluent aphasias, 297
Nonionic diffusion, 6, 681
Nonspecific, 231
Nonspecific cholinesterase, 135
Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity, 318
Nonsyndromic deafness, 214
Noradrenergic neurons, 138
Norepinephrine, 138, 237, 265–266, 337
Normal arterial blood pressure, 546
Normal body temperature, 283
Normal cardiac rate, 497
Normal ECG, 494
Normal menstruation, 413
Normal sinus rhythm, NSR, 497
Nose, pain fibers in, 223
NREM sleep. See Non-REM sleep
NSILA. See Nonsuppressible insulin-like
activity
NTS. See Nucleus of solitary tract
Nuclear bag fiber, 158

Nuclear chain fiber, 158

Nuclear cholescintigraphy, 486

Nuclear factor, 76

Nuclear factor kappa B, 52

Nuclear membrane, 40

Nuclear pore complexes, 40

Nucleic acids, 454–457

Nucleolus, 40

Nucleosome, 40

Nucleus accumbens, 179

Nucleus basalis of Meynert, 293

Nucleus of solitary tract, 224

Nutrition, 463–466

caloric intake, distribution, 463–464

dietary components, 463

effect on growth, 385–386

mineral requirements, 464

vitamins, 464–466

Nutritionally essential amino acids, 15

Nyctalopia, 191

Nystagmus, 215

O

Obesity, 334–335

Objective scotomas, 198

OBP. See Odorant-binding proteins

Obstructive sleep apnea, 237

Occludin, 38

Occlusion, 123, 164

Ocular dominance columns, 194

Oculocardiac reflex, 499

Oculomotor nerve, 189

Odorant-binding proteins, 223

Odorant receptors, 219

Off-center cell, 192

Olfactory bulbs, 220–221

Olfactory cortex, 221

Olfactory epithelium, 219–220

Olfactory glomeruli, 220

Olfactory sensory neurons, 219

Olfactory thresholds, 221–222

Olfactory tubercle, 221

Oligoclonal bands, 82

Oligodendrocytes, 80

Oligomenorrhea, 423

Oliguria, 660

Olivocochlear bundle, 211

On-center cell, 192

Oncogenes, 43

Oncotic pressure, 49, 531

Open-angle glaucoma, 182

OPG. See Osteoprotegerin

Opioid peptides, 143–144

Opsin, 190

Opsonization, 64

Optical righting reflexes, 215

Optic chiasm, 184

Optic disk, 182

Optic nerve, 184

Optic pathways, lesions in, 198

Optics, 186–187

Optic tract, 184

Oral glucose tolerance test, 322

Orexin, 237

Organ of Corti, 205–206

Organelles, 31

Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis, 276,

573

Orientation columns, 194

Orthodromic conduction, 88

Orthograde transport, 82

OSA. See Obstructive sleep apnea

Osmolal concentration of plasma, 6

Osmolarity, 5

Osmoles, 5

Osmosis, 5–6

Osmotic diuresis, 656

Osmotic pressure, 5

Osmotic pressure gradient, 548

Osmotic stimuli, 666–667

Ossicular conduction, 210

Osteoblasts, 371

Osteoclasts, 371

Osteons systems, 371

Osteopetrosis, 373

Osteoporosis, 351, 373

Osteoprotegerin, 372

Otoconia, 206, 216

Otolithic organ, 206

Otoliths, 206

Ouabain, 676

Outer hair cells, 206

Oval window, 203

Ovarian cycle, 411–412

Ovarian function, 422–423

abnormalities of, 422–423

contraception, 422

control of, 420–422

control of cycle, 421

feedback effects, 421

hypothalamic components, 420–421

menstrual abnormalities, 422–423

reflex ovulation, 421–422

Ovarian hormones, 416–420

actions, 419

breasts, 417

central nervous system, 417

chemistry, 416, 418–419

endocrine organs, 417

environmental estrogen, 418

female genitalia, 417

female secondary sex characteristics, 418

mechanism of action, 418–419

relaxin, 420

secretion, 417, 419

synthetic estrogen, 418

Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome, 401

Overflow incontinence, 662

Overtones, 209

OVLT. See Organum vasculosum of lamina

terminalis

Ovulation, 412

indicators of, 414–415

Oxidases, 35

Oxidation, 8

Oxidative deamination, 18

Oxidative phosphorylation, 10, 34

Oxygenation, 610

Oxygen consumption, 576–577, 645

heart, 519

Oxygen debt mechanism, 104

Oxygen delivery to tissues, 609–610

Oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve, 610

Oxygen transport, 609–611

Oxyhemoglobin, 523

Oxyntic cells. See Parietal cells

Oxyntomodulin, 328

Oxyphil cells, 367

Oxytocin, 277, 279, 377

effects of, 279

P

Pacemaker

abnormal, 497