710 INDEX
Respiratory compensation, 616, 684
Respiratory control pattern generator, 626
Respiratory dead space, 593
Respiratory exchange ratio, 461
Respiratory minute volume, 593
Respiratory muscles, 594
Respiratory quotient, 461
Resting membrane potential, 83–85
Restless leg syndrome, 237
Resynthesis of cyclic GMP, 192
Reticular activating system, 231
Reticular formation, 229–231
Reticular lamina, 205
Reticuloendothelial system, 65
Reticulum, 40
Retina, 181–194
mechanisms, 196–197
Retinals, 190
Retinene 1 , 191
Retinols, 190
Retrograde amnesia, 290
Retrograde transport, 82
Reuptake, 132
Reverberating circuits, 163
Reversal potential, 120
Reward center, of the brain, 179
RGS. See Regulators of G protein signaling
RH group, 530
Rhodopsin, 190–192
Ribonucleic acids, 13, 40
Ribosomal RNA, 13
Ribosomes, 32, 40
Right axis deviation, 495
Right bundle branch block, 497
Riva–Rocci cuff, 545
RNA. See Ribonucleic acids
RNA polymerase, 13
Rods, 182
Rods of Corti, 205
Role of urea, 656
Rotational acceleration, 214–215
Round window, 205
Roxine-binding prealbumin, 305
RQ. See Respiratory quotient
rRNA. See Ribosomal RNA
RU 486. See Mifepristone
Rubrospinal tract, 247
Ruffini corpuscles, 150
Ryanodine receptor, 100
RyR. See Ryanodine receptor
S
SA node. See Sinoatrial node
Saccades, 199
Saccule, 206
Saline cathartics, 442
Salivary secretion, 431
Saltatory conduction, 87–88
Salt balance, role of mineralocorticoids, 359
Salt-losing form, 346
Sarcolemma, 93
Sarcomere, 95
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 96
Sarcotubular system, 96
Saturated, 648
Saturation, 195
Scala media, 205
Scala tympani, 205
Scala vestibuli, 205
Scalae, 205
Scanning speech, 258
Scar formation, 90
SCF. See Stem cell factor
SCI. See Spinal cord injury
Schizophrenia, 140
Schwann cells, 80, 90
Sclera, 181
SCN. See Prachiasmatic nuclei
Scotopic vision, 185
Scotopsin, 191
SDA. See Specific dynamic action
Sealing zone, 372
Second-degree heart block, 497
Second messengers, 51, 54–56
Second polar body, 412
Second sound, 512
Secondary active transport, 48–49
Secondary adrenal insufficiency, 360
Secondary amenorrhea, 422
Secondary diabetes, 334
Secondary endings, 158
Secondary hyperaldosteronism, 359
Secondary oocyte, 412
Secondary sex characteristics, 407
Secondary spermatocytes, 404
Secondary structure, 17
Secondary tympanic membrane, 205
Secreted insulin, 318–320
in blood, 318
glucose transporters, 318
insulin, 318–320
insulin preparations, 319
metabolism, 318
relation to potassium, 319
Secretory immunity, 73, 457
Secretory immunoglobulins, 73
Secretory phase, 412
Segment-specific gastric motility, 471–473
aerophagia, 473
esophagus, 471
intestinal gas, 473
lower esophageal sphincter, 471–473
mastication, 471
mouth, 471
swallowing, 471
Segmentation contractions, 475
Selectins, 38
Self-splicing, 14
Semantic memory, 290
Semen, 405
Semicircular canals, 206
Seminiferous tubules, 402
Senile dementia, 294–295
Senile plaques, 294
Sense organs, 150–151
Sense receptors, 149–151
classification, 149–150
Sensitization, 291
Sensorineural deafness, 213
Sensory coding, 152–153
duration, 153
intensity, 153
location, 152–153
modality, 152
Sensory information, 153–155
law of projection, 155
law of specific nerve energies, 153–155
neurological exam, 155
recruitment of sensory units, 155
Sensory nerves, 575
Sensory receptors, 149–156
classification of sensory receptors, 149–150
generation of impulses in cutaneous receptors,
151–152generator potentials, 151
law of projection, 155
law of specific nerve energies, 153–155
neurological exam, 155
Pacinian corpuscles, 151
recruitment of sensory units, 155
sense organs, 150–151
sense receptors, 149–151
sensory coding, 152–153
sensory information, 153–155
source of generator potential, 151–152
Sensory unit, 152
SERCA pump, 52
SERMs, 418
Serotonergic receptors, 137
Serotonin, 136–137, 237
Serpentine receptors, 54
Sertoli cells, 402
Serum, 530
Serum-regulated kinase, 355
Seven-helix receptors, 54
Sex chromatin, 392–393
Sex chromosomes, 392
Sex differentiation, 392–400
aberrant sexual differentiation, 396–398
chromosomal abnormalities, 396–397
chromosomal sex, 392–393
chromosomes, 392
delayed, absent puberty, 400
development of brain, 396
development of gonads, 394
embryology of genitalia, 394–396
embryology of reproductive system, 394–396
hormonal abnormalities, 397–398
menopause, 400
precocious, delayed puberty, 399–400
puberty, 398–400
sex chromatin, 392–393
sex chromosomes, 392
sexual precocity, 399–400
Sex hormones, 337, 392
Sex steroid-binding globulin, 407
SFO. See Subfornical organ
Shear stress, 540–541
Sheehan syndrome, 389
Short-term memory, 290
Shortening heat, 104
Shunts, 538
Side-chain cleavage enzyme, 344
Side pressure, 545
Siggaard–Andersen curve nomogram, 684–686
Signal peptide, 17, 40
Signal recognition particle, 17
Signal transducers of activated transcription, 52
Signal transduction, 222
Simple cells, 194
Simple partial seizures, 233
Sinoatrial node, 489
Sinus arrhythmia, 497
Size principle, 105
Skeletal muscle, 93, 312
body mechanics, 106
denervation, 104
dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, 96
electromyography, 105
morphology, 93–96
motor unit, 104–105
organization, 93–94
properties of, 104–106
sarcotubular system, 96
strength of skeletal muscles, 105–106
striations, 95–96